[4] Poorly conducted research, research fraud and other types of bad science are not necessarily pseudoscientific refer to reliable sources to find the appropriate characterisation. Aside from that, McGovern argues that alcohol consumption was important to our ancestors, mainly because the high sugar content gave them the energy they needed to survive in places with scarce resources. He was nicknamed The Executioner because he liked to feed his victims to lions and tigers on his ranch. Articles about fringe theories sourced solely from a single primary source (even when it is peer reviewed) may be excluded from Wikipedia on notability grounds. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Fast forward a few thousand years to the 1960s when Harvard Professor Tim Learys studies on the use of LSD made the drug popular. The 10 Most Fascinating (And Terrifying) Fringe Sciences. [30], As Donald E. Simanek asserts, "Too often speculative and tentative hypotheses of cutting edge science are treated as if they were scientific truths, and so accepted by a public eager for answers." According to McGovern, beer itself was actually the primary reason our ancestors settled down in the first place. Bush can be seen having a private conversation with Larry King about the drug Halcion (about 6:20 in the above video). 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These theories describe natural law and give ideas how the universe works. While pseudoscience may, in some cases, be significant to an article, it should not obfuscate the description or prominence of the mainstream views. Germ theory denialism is the pseudoscientific belief that germs do not cause infectious disease, and that the germ theory of disease is wrong. Our ancestors moved on to other sources of food, resulting in modern humans reverting to a comparatively primal state. The idea runs parallel with the fringe theory that the term conspiracy theory was invented by the CIA to discredit people who question media accounts of important events. For instance, continental drift was heavily criticized because there was no known mechanism for continents to move and the proposed mechanisms were implausible. Wikipedia is not and must not become the validating source for non-significant subjects, and it is not a forum for original research. The documentary concludes that certain US presidential candidates have been selected and promoted to win elections, while others are threatened, accosted, and ignored by the media. It's Packed With Sexy Energy, of Course", "Arrowheads Found in Texas Dial Back Arrival of Humans in America", "The quest for immortality: Want to live 500 years? Scientists must evaluate the plausibility of each new fringe claim, and certain fringe discoveries "will later graduate into the ranks of accepted" while others "will never receive confirmation". Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. . The Washington Post has also asked for answers about how Todashev died. As a result, founders and believers of fringe theories often end up as objects of ridicule. During the Middle Ages, invading armies would fling plague-ridden corpses over castle walls. Only a very few of these actually have any meaningful peer review outside of promoters of the fringe theories, and they should generally be considered unreliable. Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell) may be treated as pseudoscience. Statements about the truth of a theory must be based upon independent reliable sources. Hardouin arrived at this conclusion after he had supposedly found numerous mistakes in the ancient and classical texts. However, the theory was heavily derided in its infancy by the mainstream scientific community. According to its adherents, Franklins speech was transcribed by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and included information about why the United States shouldnt allow Jewish immigration. The study's findings will open a wide range of researchable topics and will usher in new trends in computer science. Since that time, the theory has been heavily investigated in the study of allergic disorders. In addition, the Phoenicians proved that they could complete long voyages by accomplishing what is believed to be the first recorded circumnavigation of Africa, in 600 B.C. Other considerations for notability should be considered as well. Parity of sources may mean that certain fringe theories are only reliably and verifiably reported on, or criticized, in alternative venues from those that are typically considered reliable sources for scientific topics on Wikipedia. And maintaining a steady supply of booze required relatively intensive farming techniques that were incompatible with the nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle. It is home to the Donora Zinc Works and American Steel & Wire factories. Care should be taken with journals that exist mainly to promote a particular viewpoint. Ideas that have been rejected, are widely considered to be absurd or pseudoscientific, only of historical interest, or primarily the realm of science fiction, should be documented as such, using reliable sources. Such examples of this are the existence of Troy,[5][6] the Norse colonization of the Americas, and the Big Bang Theory.[7]. The idea was promoted by two men, Richard Brothers and John Wilson, who believed that Anglo-Saxons were descended from ancient Scythian tribes. Supporters of this theory claim that documents exist pointing to the Soviets discussing an attack on Germany. When discussing topics that reliable sources say are pseudoscientific or fringe theories, editors should be careful not to present the pseudoscientific fringe views alongside the scientific or academic consensus as though they are opposing but still equal views. Although fringe science is founded in established science, it explores . There are numerous reasons for these requirements. We humans have been using drugs in an attempt to access our whole brains for about as long as weve been on this planet. Wikipedia is meant to be a tertiary source of information, summarizing the information gleaned from secondary sources, and in some cases from primary sources. A former BBC journalist named Chris Bryson has suggested the US Army downplayed the fluoride poisoning due to the fact that the chemical was a byproduct of atomic research. The strongest argument is that the records of Muhammads exploits, the Quran, and Islam only became known to the rest of the world long after the birth of the religion. Fringe theories and related articles have been the subject of several arbitration cases. The fringe theory developed in England during the 17th century and eventually spread to the United States. A concept that was once accepted by the mainstream scientific community may become fringe science because of a later evaluation of previous research. It is also far from presenting a potential solution to the problem because kids absolutely need immunization and good hygiene. The secrecy of the shooting has spawned a series of conspiracy theories that say Todashev was assassinated by the FBI in order to keep him quiet about the Boston Marathon bombings. Many fringe ideas aren't inherently dangerous, but in some cases, they spark valid concern from scientists, such as the claim that COVID-19 vaccines can alter your DNA. Donora is a small town located on the Monongahela River, 39 kilometers (24 mi) southeast of Pittsburgh. The hypothesis argues that people who have better hygiene and effective medical care may have impaired regulatory T-cells. Later on, he claimed that the followers of a mysterious figure named Severus Archontius (an allusion to Frederick II of the Holy Roman Empire) perpetrated these false documents. Acceptance of new science can come slowly. There will be new insights in developing and proposing thesis proposals which will introduce various applications . It has been estimated that the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster released approximately one-tenth of the radiation of the Chernobyl accident. Fringe theories may be excluded from articles about scientific topics when the scientific community has ignored the ideas. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources in areas where they are available, but material from reliable non-academic sources may also be used in these areas. As with the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting, 2012 Aurora murders, and the Boston Marathon bombing, details of the event have been confused by false or inaccurate media reports and rumors, which have unfortunately been vastly blown out of proportion with the speedy help of social media. Fringe sources can be used to support text that describes fringe theories provided that such sources have been noticed and given proper context with third-party, independent sources. Brooks-Baker traced the lineage of 33 US presidents back to Alfred the Great and Charlemagne. Research on the Y-chromosomes of Jews has suggested that they are closely related to other populations from the Middle East, such as Arabs, Turks, and Kurds. Note that fringe journals exist, some of which claim peer review. A claim of peer review is not an indication that the journal is respected, or that any meaningful peer review occurs. If discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, a theory that is not broadly supported by scholarship in its field must not be given undue weight,[1] and reliable sources must be cited that affirm the relationship of the marginal idea to the mainstream idea in a serious and substantial manner. So if Muhammad never really existed, who had invented him, and why? The majority of the scholars have so far rejected this theory, and cited the many medical improbabilities required for Jesuss escape. This label does not cover theories that . It has since been dismissed because of lack of evidence. Fringe science is any field of scientific inquiry which represents a significant departure from orthodox theories or bodies of work. He was not identified until a group of masked men stole the body from a local funeral home. The governing policies regarding fringe theories are the three core content policies, Neutral point of view, No original research, and Verifiability. Brian Springer is a television director who promotes the fringe theory that a select group of US politicians, journalists, and television personalities have been using the media to sway public opinion and deceive the American populace. Using a method he called empirico-statistical analysis, Fomenko arrived at the conclusion that ancient history was really just a distorted version of Medieval events. Fringe ideas that go against mainstream scientific thought are effectively a constant in most areas of science, and there are a number of examples where the ideas have moved from the fringes. [2]:172 One example of such is plate tectonics, an idea which had its origin in the fringe science of continental drift and was rejected for decades. [2] :58 [3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing . Instead, lets discuss the controversial view that this notorious French serial killer was himself the unfortunate victim of a vast conspiracy to steal his wealth. [2]:183 Pseudoscience, however, is something that is not scientific but is incorrectly characterised as science. Gradually, more members of the Lost Tribes, and even Eastern Christians, immigrated to Japan and assimilated with the original settlers. For this reason, notability guidelines for fringe topics are stricter than general notability guidelines: the notability of a fringe theory must be judged by statements from verifiable and reliable sources, not the proclamations of its adherents. [2] : 58 [3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators, [2] : 173 and in some cases a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of experts . write that "From a media perspective it is evident that controversial science sells, not only because of its dramatic value, but also since it is often connected to high-stake societal issues."[32]. Fringe Science: Parallel Universes, White Tulips, and Mad Scientists Brendan Allison, Amy Berner (Contributor), Kevin R. Grazier (Editor) 3.92 168 ratings15 reviews Fringe has always been more than the sum of its partsbut its parts, too, are worth a closer look. [2] For writers and editors of Wikipedia articles to write about controversial ideas in a neutral manner, it is of vital importance that they simply restate what is said by independent secondary sources of reasonable reliability and quality. In 2013, a study was published revealing that no physical health effects have been observed among the Japanese public because of the radiation. Simply including such a statement in the lead or in a section on scientific evaluation of Bigfoot claims is potentially misleading, non-neutral, and lacking in verifiability. Kalisch explains that the newly emerged Arab empire combined Jesus and Moses in order to create a unifying symbol for its people (Kalisch also believes the Islamic conquests never happened). Hardouin believed the group had created the Greek versions solely to corrupt the peoplea plan foiled only by the timely distribution of the Latin version. Inquiries far outside of mainstream science, strategies for engineered negligible senescence, List of topics characterized as pseudoscience, "Distinguishing Science from Pseudoscience", "Two Scientists Jailed; Pair Sentenced in Maine in Sale of 'Accumulators', "THE RESURRECTION OF WILHELM REICH AND ORGONE THERAPY", "Fantastically Wrong: Why Is the Sky Blue? Even reputable news outlets have been known to publish credulous profiles of fringe theories and their proponents, and there continue to be many completely unreliable sources masquerading as legitimate. The careful use of sources is vital when writing about criticism of fringe theories. When a mechanism was discovered through plate tectonics, it became mainstream. 39462, posted 15 Jun 2012 12:52 UTC The Search for New Drugs: A Theory of R&D in the Pharmaceutical Industry Massoud Khazabi1 University of Ottawa The paper . In 1405, the document was banned by the church, and in 1543, it was used by Martin Luther to condemn Jews. Although they are still theories debated by some, they have come to be accepted as legitimate theories. The speech is said to include Franklin saying that the Jewish people will amass in large numbers and attempt to change the US government. In August 2012, it was reported that Miguel Trevio Morales had replaced Lazcano as the leader of Los Zetas. Alchemy is the now-defunct pseudoscientific quest to discover the philosopher's stone, coveted by the particularly greedy and those who couldn't cope with their own mortality. For one, His crucifixion was too brief (around six hours) to ensure certain death. In the 1870s, a small number of organizations were established in Great Britain and America to support the theory. In 1902, Mary Baker Eddy became the first person to trace the lineage of Queen Victoria to King David. Claims derived from fringe theories should be carefully attributed to an appropriate source and located within a contexte.g. We use the term fringe theory in a very broad sense to describe an idea that departs significantly from the prevailing views or mainstream views in its particular field. The book says that Jesus was an illegitimate child who practiced heretic activities and died a shameful death. One scientist says it may be possible one day", "Science fact and the SENS agenda. [2]:173, Margaret Wertheim profiled many "outsider scientists" in her book Physics on the Fringe, who receive little or no attention from professional scientists. All That's Interesting is a Brooklyn-based digital publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the past, present, and future. For example, the Moon landing conspiracy theories article may include material from reliable websites, movies, television specials, and books that are not peer reviewed. In their 2003 paper "Optimising Public Understanding of Science and Technology in Europe: A Comparative Perspective", Jan Nolin et al. Wikipedia is not a forum for presenting new ideas, for countering any systemic bias in institutions such as academia, or for otherwise promoting ideas which have failed to merit attention elsewhere. Care should be taken not to mislead the reader by implying that, because the claim is actively disputed by only a few, it is otherwise supported. Believers claim that radiation from the plant has spread around the world and is causing negative health concerns and that Fukushima is not experiencing some leaks, but the disaster is an ongoing event like never witnessed before, which might continue for hundreds of years. Spin takes the approach that the American media has been used as a tool to silence public debate on certain issues. Almost immediately, they started to complain of respiratory distress and illness. In the case of obscure fringe theories, secondary sources that describe the theories should be carefully vetted for reliability. So far, this unconventional view has sparked great controversy. The findings have helped fuel the conspiracy theory that an elite group, such as the Illuminati, is secretly controlling American elections, using the media to promote the most royal candidate. "[6] This characterization is perhaps inspired by the eccentric behavior of many researchers of the kind known colloquially (and with considerable historical precedent) as mad scientists. [2]:176, The term "fringe science" covers everything from novel hypotheses which can be tested by means of the scientific method to wild ad hoc hypotheses and mumbo jumbo. The idea has been picked up by journalists in Palestine, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, who have claimed that Franklins prophecy is now coming true in the US administration..
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