[20][21] However, the name Joseon was still widely used by Koreans to refer to their country, though it was no longer the official name. [citation needed], Towards the end of World War II, the U.S. proposed dividing the Korean peninsula into two occupation zones: a U.S. zone and a Soviet zone. No matter the location, gender, race, ethnicity or other boundary may lie between two individuals, we recognize that we are social creatures and rely on each other to reach new plateaus in science, achievement and success. Another multibillion-dollar project was the restoration of Cheonggyecheon, a stream running through downtown Seoul that had earlier been paved over by a motorway. Learn more about our academic and editorial standards. Today, South Korea has about 7 million Buddhists,[203] most of them affiliated to the Jogye Order. This means that Argentines rely more on the way in which a message is communicated than on the words employed. Recently, research and development in genetics and cloning has received increasing attention, with the first successful cloning of a dog, Snuppy (in 2005), and the cloning of two females of an endangered species of gray wolves by the Seoul National University in 2007. [279] South Korea's economy was one of the world's fastest-growing from the early 1960s to the late 1990s, and was still one of the fastest-growing developed countries in the 2000s, along with Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, the other three Asian Tigers. 1", "A 'C' Change in Spelling Sought for the Koreas", "Korea, 10001400 A.D. | Chronology | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History", "Korea Korea under Japanese rule | Britannica", "National Geographic, Korea, and the 38th Parallel", "195 (III) The problem of the independence of Korea", United States Army Center of Military History, "20 years later, father still seeks truth in son's death", "South Korea's New President Sworn In DW 02/25/2008", "FIFA World Cup: When South Korea created history in 2002 | Goal.com", "Rocky relations between Japan and South Korea over disputed islands", "Park Geun-hye sworn in as South Korea president", "How long will Seoul protests remain peaceful? WebPast Weather in Jurye-dong, South Korea Yesterday and Last 2 Weeks. The government developed the nationwide expressway system, the Seoul subway system, and laid the foundation for economic development during his 17-year tenure, which ended with his assassination in 1979. WebSouth Korea, officially the Republic of Korea, is a country in East Asia.It constitutes the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. High-context cultures give great importance to their shared history and beliefs, including religion. According to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, the number of scholarships for foreign students in South Korea would have (under the program) doubled by that time, and the number of foreign students would have reached 100,000. The Hyundai Research Institute reported that the Korean Wave has a direct impact in encouraging direct foreign investment back into the country through demand for products, and the tourism industry. [22] As a result, the Korean name "Daehan Minguk" is sometimes used by South Koreans as a metonym to refer to the Korean ethnicity (or "race") as a whole, rather than just the South Korean state. In 2007 there was a total of 18,367,000 insured individuals with only around 511,000 persons excluded from mandatory contribution. Korea is a high-context culture where indirect non-verbal clues are as crucial as the words that are spoken. [311], In 2016, 17 million foreign tourists visited South Korea. Moreover, the rational & task-oriented outlook of these cultures further adds to the formality. In part, demonstrating this loyalty is equivalent to demonstrating Inhwa or harmony which is a key principle that revolves around South Korean business culture (Lee, 2012). Many things are left unsaid within the communication, the meaning of the message is only understood through the filter of the speakers culture. Competitive video gaming, also called Esports (sometimes written e-Sports), has become more popular in South Korea in recent years, particularly among young people. In 21st century, South Korea has been renowned for its globally influential pop culture, particularly in music (K-pop), TV dramas (K-dramas) and cinema, a phenomenon referred to as the Korean Wave. Web1.4.6 - Context of Cultures: High and Low. [338], In April 2008, Yi So-yeon became the first Korean to fly in space, aboard the Russian Soyuz TMA-12. In business interactions, people from low-context cultures tend to listen primarily to the words spoken; they tend not to be as cognizant of nonverbal aspects. K-pop idols, stars, and groups are well known across Continental Asia and have found international fame in the Western World by making millions of dollars in export revenue by harnessing and tapping into new uncharted music markets beyond East Asia. To the surprise of Rusk and Bonesteel, the Soviets accepted their proposal and agreed to divide Korea.[89]. In addition, Silla people made overseas communities in China on the Shandong Peninsula and the mouth of the Yangtze River. What followed was a period of forced assimilation, in which Korean language, culture, and history were suppressed. Geert Hofstede. South Korea ranked number 10 overall in the 2014 NRI ranking, up from 11 in 2013. Since the success of the film Shiri in 1999, the Korean film industry has begun to gain recognition internationally. It is apparent that the South Korean culture is a complicated, yet relatively straightforward one that leaves minimal guesswork in expected behavior. Following the Armistice, South Korea and the U.S. agreed to a "Mutual Defense Treaty", under which an attack on either party in the Pacific area would summon a response from both. After an ebb and flow that saw both sides facing defeat with massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate. [28][30] In 108 BCE, the Han dynasty defeated Wiman Joseon and installed four commanderies in the northern Korean peninsula. South Korea is especially strong in short track speed skating. Like many democratic states,[139] South Korea has a government divided into three branches: executive, judicial, and legislative. It ranks nineteenth globally by Human Development Index. 'Great Korean People's State'; listen) was adopted as the legal English name for the new country. [127], The green-based economic strategy is a comprehensive overhaul of South Korea's economy, utilizing nearly two percent of the national GDP. Instead of depending only on explicit statements, people in these cultures use non-verbal cues (facial expressions, tone of voice, etc.) This is exemplified by the JoseonUnited States Treaty of 1882, in which it was compelled to open its borders. South Korea's border with North Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula. [302], South Korea is an emerging exporter of nuclear reactors, having concluded agreements with the UAE to build and maintain four advanced nuclear reactors,[303] with Jordan for a research nuclear reactor,[304][305] and with Argentina for construction and repair of heavy-water nuclear reactors. [283], Despite the South Korean economy's high growth potential and apparent structural stability, the country suffers damage to its credit rating in the stock market because of the belligerence of North Korea in times of deep military crises, which has an adverse effect on South Korean financial markets. WebWith an area of 99,678 km the country is about the size of Iceland, or slightly smaller than the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. Confucianism is an ancient Chinese way of thought that dates back to 500 BC, where Confucius taught 5 moral disciplines to his students: These five principles have taken sovereign over many East Asian countries, namely China and Korea and has persisted since its first realization. South Korea's total population in 1955 was 21.5 million,[154] and has more than doubled, to 50 million, by 2010. But we can also use them to talk about smaller groups or settings, such as corporate cultures, international airports, etc. South Korea, Canada, England, Saudi Arabia South Korea What statement best describes a high power distance culture? [153], The population has also been shaped by international migration. "[253], The European Union (EU) and South Korea are important trading partners, having negotiated a free trade agreement for many years since South Korea was designated as a priority FTA partner in 2006. Wary of South Korea's Plan to Reuse Nuclear Fuel", "S. Korean Pyroprocessing Awaits U.S. Decision", "South Korea Sets Its Sights on Foreign Tourists", "Hallyu fuels foreign investment in Korea", "South Korea and Japan's Pension System Compared", "The Korean Pension System: Current State and Tasks Ahead", "Social Security Programs Throughout the World: Asia and the Pacific, 2010 South Korea", "The National Pension Act: Republic of Korea", "Terrestrial-DMB adds color to Korean lifestyle", "Five countries on the frontline of tech", "These are the 10 smartest countries in the world when it comes to science", "These Are the World's Most Innovative Countries", "Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition", "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? Hofstede, G. (1984). The South Korea national team finished third in the 2006 World Baseball Classic and second in the 2009 tournament. [191] The nation's high university entrance rate has created a highly skilled workforce, making South Korea among the most highly educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. Nigel Ray is the ED. This category comprises retirees who voluntarily choose to have additional benefits, individuals under the age of 27 without income, and individuals whose spouses are covered under a public welfare system, whether military, governmental, or private school teacher pensions. Moon Jae-in's administration has focused on increasing South Korea's consumption of natural gas. [24] After defeating the Khitan Empire, which was the most powerful empire of its time,[75][76] in the GoryeoKhitan War, Goryeo experienced a golden age that lasted a century, during which the Tripitaka Koreana was completed and significant developments in printing and publishing occurred. [301], South Korea is the third highest ranked Continental Asian country in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index (NRI) after Singapore and Hong Kong respectively an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. Most of the National Treasures of South Korea are Buddhist artifacts. [409] The two most popular games are League of Legends and StarCraft. [163] Fertility saw some modest increase afterwards,[164] but dropped to a new global low in 2017,[165] with fewer than 30,000 births per month for the first time since records began[166] and less than 1 child per woman in 2018. Establishing a harmony between man and nature was also a favorite of this time. Christianity is South Korea's largest organized religion, accounting for more than half of all South Korean adherents of religious organizations. Instead, every culture uses a mix of explicit & implicit communication to different degrees, and there are also exceptions within cultures. Withholding Tax Rate in South Korea averaged 20.00 percent from 2022 until 2023, reaching an all time high of 20.00 percent in 2023 and a record low of 20.00 percent in 2023. [citation needed], Since the government only controlled the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, the informal term "South Korea" was coined, becoming increasingly common in the Western world. This is also why they often use written agreements (Gudykunst & Ting-Toomey, 1988), which can make it seem slightly more formal. They are also more difficult to design and implement than a Feed-in tariff. Ancient architects adopted the bracket system characterized by thatched roofs and heated floors called ondol. Additionally, the Center is collaborating with the Korea Green Growth Trust Fund (KGGTF) to identify and implement the most innovative, technical, and operational solutions to specific development challenges in our client countries. [240] In June 2018, president Moon Jae-in became the first South Korean leader to speak in the Russian Parliament. In the mid-14th century, Goryeo drove out the Mongols to regain its northern territories, briefly conquered Liaoyang, and defeated invasions by the Red Turbans. [192] In addition, 69.8 percent of South Koreans aged 2534 have completed some form of tertiary education qualification, and bachelor's degrees are held by 34.2 percent of South Koreans aged 2564, the most in the OECD. In anthropology, high context and low context are concepts to describe the level of explicit information and the importance of context in a cultures communication. These plans include re-opening dialogue around a natural gas pipeline that would come from Russia and pass through North Korea. If you continue to navigate this website beyond this page, cookies will be placed on your browser. South Korea dispatched 325,517 troops to fight alongside American, Australian, Filipino, New Zealand and South Vietnamese soldiers in the Vietnam War, with a peak strength of 50,000. That same year, South Korea recorded more deaths than births, resulting in a population decline for the first time on record. Retrieved fromhttp://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1110&context=scripps_theses, Hofstede, G. (n.d). Contents1 What type of [] The June Democratic Struggle led to the end of authoritarian rule in 1987 and the country is now considered among the most advanced democracies in Asia, with the highest level of press freedom on the continent in 2021. Often seen as the objective among many South Korean prospective university students, graduating from an elite South Korean university is the ultimate marker of prestige, high socioeconomic status, promising marriage prospects, and a respectable career path. [103], In June 2000, as part of president Kim Dae-jung's "Sunshine Policy" of engagement, a NorthSouth summit took place in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. These numbers indicate the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members; a low number indicates a more collectivist society in comparison to a higher number that indicates a more individualistic society (Hofstede, n.d). Traditional architecture may also be seen at the nine UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South Korea. Kings Yeongjo and Jeongjo particularly led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty during the 18th century.[86][87]. The 2017 election of President Moon Jae-in has seen a change in approach towards the North, and both sides used the South Korean-held 2018 Winter Olympics as an opportunity for engagement,[230] with a very senior North Korean political delegation sent to the games, along with a reciprocal visit by senior South Korean cabinet members to the North soon afterwards. This often results in fewer opportunities for employment, improvement of one's socioeconomic position and prospects for marriage. For example, if you ask an American, "Can you please help me carry my boxes to my car?" [152] The capital city of Seoul is also the country's largest city and chief industrial center. Dr. Drew has published over 20 academic articles in scholarly journals. South Korea maintains diplomatic relations with more than 188 countries. "[91] Both leaders engaged in authoritarian repression of political opponents. Roman Catholics increased significantly between the 1980s and the 2000s, but declined throughout the 2010s. [319], South Korea's old-age pension scheme covers individuals age 60 or older for the rest of their life as long as they have satisfied the minimum of 20 years of national pension coverage beforehand. South Korea's smaller but more advanced artillery force and wide range of airborne reconnaissance platforms are pivotal in the counter-battery suppression of North Korea's large artillery force, which operates more than 13,000 artillery systems deployed in various state of fortification and mobility. [383] Though Western-style pop, hip hop, rhythm and blues, rock, folk, electronic dance oriented acts have become dominant in the contemporary South Korean popular music scene, trot is still continues to be appreciated and enjoyed by South Koreans from older generations. [319] Like the individually insured persons, they too are in charge of covering the full amount of the contribution. [171] In 2015, National Statistical Office estimated that the population of the country will have reached its peak by 2035. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. [204] Of the people who are affiliated with a religious organization, most are Christians and Buddhists. In 1960, a student uprising (the "April 19 Revolution") led to the resignation of the autocratic then-President Syngman Rhee. South Korea has a high score of 85 points that suggests South Koreans value security and conform to formal rules to regulate behavior in the society. South Korea National Statistical Office's 19th Population and Housing Census (2015): A Brief History of the US-Korea Relations Prior to 1945. (Korean, Japanese, African-American, Mexican, and Latino) Low-context This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. Having a firm grasp on what constitutes high- and low-context, particularly in a communication setting, will truly help you better understand The Korea office works with Korean partner institutions to help developing countries learn from Koreas experience and expertise. These programs ranged from financial sector restructuring to reforms in corporate sector and labor market reforms as well as in social safety nets. Since the 1980s, the Korean government has invested in the development of a domestic biotechnology industry, and the sector is projected to grow to $6.5 billion by 2010. [12][13] Visiting Arab and Persian merchants pronounced its name as "Korea". WebTest Match Created by SarahMarie2016 Terms in this set (20) Which of the following countries is considered a high context culture? Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitution, and there is no state religion. [272] However, in a court ruling of 2018, conscientious objectors were permitted to reject military service. The country has also been a member of the United Nations since 1991, when it became a member state at the same time as North Korea. [301] Nuclear power in South Korea supplies 45% of electricity production, and research is very active with investigation into a variety of advanced reactors, including a small modular reactor, a liquid-metal fast/transmutation reactor and a high-temperature hydrogen generation design. The Global Center published an interactive e-book last year on how technology and innovation are being applied in the clean, green, and blue economies in Korea. Find out what the Bank Group's branches are doing in the Republic of Korea. High-context culture refers to a culture that relies heavily on implicit communication. However, it is not a direct translation of the Korean name. [23] Russia and Romania [ [245][246], Longstanding issues such as Japanese war crimes against Korean civilians, the negationist re-writing of Japanese textbooks relating Japanese atrocities during World WarII, the territorial disputes over the Liancourt Rocks, known in South Korea as "Dokdo" and in Japan as "Takeshima",[247] and visits by Japanese politicians to the Yasukuni Shrine, honoring Japanese people (civilians and military) killed during the war continue to trouble Korean-Japanese relations. [186][187], In 2015, the country spent 5.1% of its GDP on all levels of education roughly 0.8 percentage points above the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average of 4.3%. [362], The industrialization and urbanization of South Korea have brought many changes to the way modern Koreans live. South Korea has sought unique technologies such as pyroprocessing to circumvent these obstacles and seek a more advantageous competition. [356], The rapid growth of the industry has resulted in significant voids in regulation of ethics, as was highlighted by the scientific misconduct case involving Hwang Woo-Suk. The Seoul National Capital Area has 24.5 million inhabitants (about half of South Korea's entire population) making it the world's second largest metropolitan area. [41], Baekje was a maritime power,[42] which motivates some[who?] The collective discipline shapes the Korean societal outlook on status, contacts, relationships and is contingent on factors such as age, gender, education, family background, wealth, occupation and political ideology (Lee, 2012). In high-context cultures, people are said to prefer symbolic, artful language that is implicit. Seekprofessional input on your specific circumstances. [88] This led to the March 1st Movement protests in 1919, and the subsequent foundation of resistance groups in exile, primarily in China. [16], The kingdom of Goryeo became first known to Westerners when Afonso de Albuquerque conquered Malacca in 1511 and described the peoples who traded with this part of the world known by the Portuguese as the Gores. This robust performance was fueled by annual export growth averaging 9.27% in the same period. [333], Following cyberattacks in the first half of 2013, whereby government, news-media, television station, and bank websites were compromised, the national government committed to the training of 5,000 new cybersecurity experts by 2017. The gaming scene of South Korea is managed by the Korean e-Sports Association. The percentage of foreign nationals has been growing rapidly since late 1990s. After World WarII and the division of the Korean Peninsula, about four million people from North Korea crossed the border to South Korea. Culture and Interpersonal Communication. Voluntarily and continuously insured persons consists of individuals 60 years of age who want to fulfill the minimum insured period of 20 years to qualify for old age pension benefits. The weakness of Korean Sindo, which unlike Japanese Shinto and China's religious system never developed into a national religion of high status,[207] combined with the impoverished state of Korean Buddhism, (after 500 years of suppression at the hands of the Joseon state, by the 20th century it was virtually extinct) left a free hand to Christian churches. [125] Unchecked industrialization and urban development have resulted in deforestation and the ongoing destruction of wetlands such as the Songdo Tidal Flat. Much value is placed on logic, facts, and directness. XVI E XVII", "Cartas de Afonso de Albuquerque, vol. Asked By Judycarley. [238] The situation was largely resolved by South Korea making significant military concessions to China in exchange for THAAD, including not deploying any more anti-ballistic missile systems in South Korea and not participating in an alliance between the United States and Japan. South China Morning Post. [65] Examples of significant Korean Buddhists from this period include Woncheuk, Wonhyo, Uisang, Musang,[66][67][68][69] and Kim Gyo-gak. [320], Scientific and technological development in South Korea at first did not occur largely because of more pressing matters such as the division of Korea and the Korean War that occurred right after its independence. Despite the continuing ties, the Kaesong Industrial Region has seen a large decrease in investment and manpower as a result of this military conflict. South Korea has the fastest Internet download speeds in the world,[326] with an average download speed of 25.3 Mbit/s. WebLOW CONTEXT. South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol's six-day state visit to Washington has been criticized by some for his 'friend or foe' approach in response to a delicate balancing act amongst competing powers. [233] The Republic of Korea broke off official relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) upon gaining official relations with the People's Republic of China, which does not recognize Taiwan's sovereignty. [290], South Korea became a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1996.[291]. South Korea went on to sign a Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Australia in 2014, and another with New Zealand in 2015. Korea is one of the few countries that has successfully transformed itself from a low-income to a high-income economy and a global leader in innovation and technology. WebThe Withholding Tax Rate in South Korea stands at 20 percent. South Korea's terrain is mostly mountainous, most of which is not arable. The president Moon Jae-in pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions which contribute to climate change to zero in 2050. Which countries are high power distance? On the contrary, the U.S is a low-context culture where the words being spoken are explicitly delivered to the listener. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. [231], Historically, Korea had close relations with the dynasties in China, and some Korean kingdoms were members of the Imperial Chinese tributary system. [179], Higher education is a serious issue in South Korean society, where it is viewed as one of the fundamental cornerstones of South Korean life. It was later suppressed throughout much of the subsequent history under the unified kingdom of Joseon (13921897), which officially adopted a strict Korean Confucianism. Goguryeo, the largest and most powerful among them, was a highly militaristic state,[34] and competed with various Chinese dynasties during its 700 years of history. Later, social infrastructure such as urban water supply, sanitation, and sewerage and its environmental impact became a high priority as the countrys industrial sector and its energy and transportation infrastructure became more developed. 62 In October 2020, South Korea reported a growth of 1.9 percent from the [106] Meanwhile, South Korea and Japan jointly co-hosted the 2002 FIFA World Cup. The Korean royal court cuisine once brought all of the unique regional specialties together for the royal family.
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