Countries in between. Examples include Yellowstone National Park in the United States, Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, and Galapagos National Park in Ecuador. Although there might be some elements of secondary and tertiary economic activities in these countries, the bulk of secondary economic activities areundertaken by countries in the semi-developed world - like Mexico, China, Brazil, and regions of India. Population growth is a global phenomenon that has significant environmental and social implications. E) Analyze the relationship between population growth and resource consumption, providing at least one example of how population growth can impact resource consumption patterns. Colonialism refers to the control of countries by another country. C) Explain two environmental consequences of population growth, providing an example of each. To show whether a country is developed, there are certain development indicators or Measures of Development. More industrialized. What causes changes in the economic world? Industrialization. It can provide opportunities to learn about the history and traditions of local communities and to appreciate the cultural diversity of different regions. Aid is the transfer of money, goods and expertise to assist the development of LICs and improve the quality of life. What are the effects of uneven development? For example, the use of certain words or phrases can signal membership in a particular group and reinforce cultural ties. Includes research and development, finance, banking, real estate, insurance. 3) Takeoff stage - Introduction and rapid growth (industrial revolution) of manufacturing industries, better infrastructure, financial investment, and cultural change There are several types of economies, including: So an economy is basically people that buy things from the people that make things. *Involves more local communities and local workers. In Egypt, for . For example, urban areas often provide more job opportunities than rural areas, but income inequality may also be higher in urban areas. refers to the level fo wealth, comfrot, mateial goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class or geographic area. Wealth disparities can result in large inequalities in standards of living, where some people have less access to safe water supplies, sufficient food, education, housing, security or even healthcare. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Example: PPP between Mexico and the US, AP Human Geography Chapter 10 (Development) V, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times. F) Explain the concept of assimilation and describe one example of a policy or program designed to promote assimilation among migrants. I just directed ChatGPT to do the following: Create six free-response questions no stimulus modeled after the free-response question no stimulus found in the AP Human Geography Sample Exam located on page 167 of the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. AP Human Geography: Practice Tests and Flashcards, The Core-Periphery Model is used by geographers to describe, People in the poorest parts of the world are primarily engaged in, Most of the people in wealthy countries are employed in, In the Core-Periphery Model the semi-periphery includes all of the following except, The back-wash effect can be best described as. Push factors are the reasons that people move away from a country. 1. A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality developed by an Italian statistician. The SDGs, which are also known as the Global Goals, aim to create a more sustainable and equitable world for present and future generations. Lack of investment By the MDCs continues to keep these countries in poverty The second most expensive house in the world (after Buckingham Palace) is placed directly next to one of Mumbai's slums. F) Describe two ways in which urban planning can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on communities. The images show examples of agricultural technology developed during different time periods. AP Human Geography 320 resources . Life expectancy is generally much higher in HICs. In the Core-Periphery Model the semi-periphery includes all of the following except __________. An example of just-in-time delivery is a car manufacturer that receives parts from its suppliers as they are needed on the production line, rather than receiving large batches of parts in advance and storing them in a warehouse. An example of deindustrialization is the decline of the manufacturing sector in the United States in recent decades. No country has this as main form of economics. With a poor economy, there is reduced investment into vital sectors such as healthcare or education, resulting in a depleted workforce (sickness or unskilled workforce), and therefore less money goes into the economy. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. Which of the following statements is best supported by the images? Reduce child mortality. It contains a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. A) Define the concept of population growth and provide one historical or contemporary example of a factor that has contributed to population growth. This shift is characterized by the use of advanced technologies, such as automation, robotics, and artificial intelligence, as well as the increasing importance of knowledge-based activities, such as design, research, and development. Standards of living. AP Human Geography - Unit 3 - Development Flashcards | Quizlet Development gaps also exist within countries (uneven development) between rich and poor. Example: Can provide loans to places in Sub-saharan Africa. the levels of wealth, goods, safety and leisure that people may have. Some popular destinations for ecotourism include: National parks and protected areas: These are protected areas of land and sea that are managed to conserve their natural beauty, biodiversity, and cultural values. example, "Population") was also useful for answering the question, especially in parts B and C. Sample: 3A Score: 6 For instance, migrants may send money back to their home countries, providing an important source of income, but they may also compete with local workers for jobs. Use ordinary interest at exact time to solve. Cultural and historical sites: These are sites that are significant for their cultural, historical, or archeological value and can provide opportunities for ecotourism activities such as heritage tours and cultural experiences. For example, the Kurdish people are a nation that is spread across several different states, while the United Kingdom is a state made up of several different nations. development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. NFL player, accountant, banking. Includes retailing, tourism, entertainment, communications, government, and semi-public services (Health, Education, and Utilities). Answer: Population growth can impact resource consumption by increasing demand for resources such as food, water, and energy. Adventure tourism: This type of ecotourism involves participating in activities such as rafting, kayaking, and rock climbing in natural settings. Let's look further into these consequences of uneven development, with some examples, too. Enter the data here into the, Italy suffers from a regional divide - check out this article from, Purchasing Power Parity made easy with Burgernomics. 0 Cultural and heritage tourism: This type of ecotourism involves visiting cultural and historical sites and participating in local cultural activities. In this unit, you will examine how supply and demand affect how a country can improve standards of living and how different economic systems can help citizens of a country gain more or less equality. In the United States, for example, Silicon Valley in CALIFORNIA is a core area where high-technology businesses are clustered. Sustainable agriculture and food tourism: This type of ecotourism involves visiting farms, wineries, and other food and drink producers to learn about sustainable agriculture practices and to taste local produce. NICs do secondary. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. the desire, ability, and willingness to buy a product, a. demand schedule That statement would have been awarded one point. These factories are often located in border regions, such as the maquiladoras located in Tijuana and Ciudad Jurez, which are near the border with the United States. Promote gender equality and empower women. Appalachia, on the other hand, is a peripheral area where technology is less complex and wages are low. B) Describe two social consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. Answer: Sustainable development is a development model that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Materials that other things are made from. In wealthy countries as much as three-quarters (in a few cases close to a hundred percent) of the population is engaged in tertiary and quaternary economic activities. A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te. Coffee beans (the raw material) turn into coffee (the tradable product). how the standard of living differs between rich (HIC) and poor (LIC) countries. F) Explain the concept of sustainable development and describe one example of a policy or program designed to promote sustainable development in the face of population growth. Economic Sector (Consumer Services) usually thought of as a subset of quaternary. Which of the following regions has a high population density but a low level of economic development? True or false: microfinance loans can help individuals escape poverty. transport network, money from farming, power supplies, communications For instance, in areas without access to clean water, people may spend significant time and effort collecting water, reducing their ability to pursue education or other economic opportunities. the process in which the interaction of social and economic factors causes the development of industries on a wide scale. E&5)*:p kQaAx%ks-k*JZL! 9E Q'bUU*C4I5d4Nf\Xg.=@$]g:*2w1>JPyX0V[{YNMp6O~tT(tU^BT|KN 4uGw"fZ#qQX%7?)?4R3= (A) Explain the difference between a dialect and a language. This is vastly uneven globally; let's take a look at some of the reasons why. Neocolonialism is a term used to describe the continuing economic and political control of a country by a more powerful outside force, even after the formal end of colonialism. Push factors are reasons why people want to move away from a country. d. change in demand To find out more about the inequalities in China and their. Example: use this on car production, The idea that there's a core and periphery for the countries of the world. It can also be on a social scale, based upon factors such as healthcare, education, and people's quality of life. Review Session #1: AP Human Geography - Olympic High School A subdiscipline of geography that seeks to describe and explain the absolute and relative location of economic activities, and the flows of information, raw materials, goods, and people that connect otherwise separate local, regional, and national economies. 3) Control stage - Management now gains control over the technology's resources by implementing formal control processes and standards that stifle almost all new projects. Uneven development - Oxford Reference These can also be used to compare countries with each other. B) Explain the concept of human capital and describe one way in which investing in human capital can promote economic development. Maquiladoras are factories located in developing countries that import raw materials and export finished goods. 1) Traditional society - Based on subsistence farming, fishing, forestry, and some mining b. demand L/$;cqHi}1Kl@g;)k{Qf7og\E[ah]iahz +qp)4 a measure of how many units of currency are needed in one country to buy the amount of goods and services that one unit of currency will buy in another country. A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN. Example: making clothes, The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. Other modes of transport for trade are often more expensive, wait times are longer, and the country becomes reliant on other countries with access to the sea. 2-41) of the AP Human Geography textbook A link to the Pdf file of this chapter is posted below for you to reference until the textbooks are distributed: We measure development in Geography by using development indicators. For example, life expectancy in the UK in 2019 was 81.20 years old. Higher infant mortality rates occur in LICs due to poor sanitation, lack of clean water, and also poor nutrition, caused by the Impacts of Food Insecurity. Answer: Assimilation refers to the process by which migrants adopt the cultural norms and values of their new communities. International migration is the movement of people across borders. Technologies that are appropriate for a specific country. B) Explain two social or cultural consequences of migration, providing an example of each. Required: 1. Uneven development describes the way development differs across the world, and takes place at different speeds. (F) Explain the concept of a supranational organization and describe one example of such an organization. It can provide opportunities to support local farmers and to learn about the production of food and drink. Economic growth is vital for understanding development as a whole. Countries that have a colonial history have lower development levels today. A contemporary pull factor for migration is the availability of job opportunities in a particular country. Development levels differ around the world. asituation whereby a nations economic structure is altered by a change in the political system, afunction of economic change whereby one nations economy flourishes at the expense of another nations economy, asituation whereby a nations political structure is altered by the changing nature of the economy, afunction of economic change whereby one region's economy flourishes at the expense of another regions economy. activities that directly extract materials from the Earth. Make sure you understand the terms Low Income County (LIC), Newly Emerging Economy (NEE), and High Income Country (HIC), before carrying on with this explanation! the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country in a year, divided by the total number of people living in that country. What are the causes of uneven development? Two features of a sustainable city include walkability and green infrastructure. It is a clean and environmentally friendly source of power that does not produce greenhouse gases or other harmful emissions. Examples of centrifugal and centripetal force are found in religion, language, ethnic culture, government, and physical geography. Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are large and powerful companies that are spread all around the world. It is a holistic approach that considers the social, economic, and environmental impacts of development and seeks to balance these three pillars in a way that is equitable and sustainable over the long term. LICs often have poorer access to safe water and suffer from the Impact of Water Insecurity. Life expectancy is generally much higher in HICs. Its 100% free. c. microeconomics Free AP Human Geography Flashcards about Unit 07 Vocabulary Due to the nature of the global economy the wealthiest countries can rely on the poorest countries to provide the bulk of their primary economic activities and the semi-developed countries to provide the bulk of their secondary economic activities. These activities can take place in a variety of natural settings, including national parks, protected areas, and rural communities. Post-Fordist production is a term used to describe the shift away from mass production and towards more flexible, customized, and knowledge-intensive forms of production. This can result in higher disease rates, causing sickness and death. One example of such an organization is the United Nations, which is a global organization that seeks to promote international cooperation and resolve conflicts between states. Answer: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, either within a country or across national borders. They have significant economic power and influence and are often accused of exploiting developing countries and undermining local businesses and cultures. This can be on an economic scale, based upon the general wealth of the country. Fig. Two historical factors that have contributed to the growth of urban areas are the Industrial Revolution and suburbanization. Extract resources. (G) For a multinational state facing the realities of devolution, explain why a government would choose to create an autonomous region or choose to maintain a unitary state. Example: Help keep trade between Mexico and the US. Answer: Two economic consequences of migration include increased remittances and potential job displacement. Refer to the information in the first quick study of this chapter and assume the periodic inventory system is used. The development level of a country can be shown using development indicators, income labels or the development continuum. E) Describe one way in which technology can be used to address resource distribution challenges. Answer: Technology can be used to address resource distribution challenges by enabling the efficient distribution of resources, such as through the use of online marketplaces or tracking systems that allow for better tracking and monitoring of resource use. (C) Explain the concept of language convergence and describe one example of a language that has experienced convergence. Determine the costs assigned to the ending inventory when costs are assigned based on FIFO. For example, multinational corporations may invest in urban areas to take advantage of cheaper labor, leading to increased urbanization in those areas. See the Inequality Adjusted Development Index from the U.N. Answer: A lack of access to resources, such as clean water, can impact the quality of life as it can lead to health problems and reduced productivity. McDonald's has restaurants in over 100 countries and generates a significant portion of its revenue from international operations. C) Describe two economic consequences of migration, providing an example of each. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to promote language diversity and maintain linguistic heritage. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. The Development Gap shows the difference between richer and poorer countries. In 2017, the United States had a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of over $19 trillion, compared to the Central African Republic, with a GDP of $1.95 billion. Answer: Environmental justice refers to the fair treatment of all people in terms of environmental decision-making and the distribution of environmental risks and benefits. Take a look at the Closing the Development Gap explanation for more on this topic. Two characteristics of a state are sovereignty, which refers to its ability to govern itself without external interference, and legitimacy, which refers to the recognition of the states authority by its citizens and other states. Where is a good example of tourism helping to close the development gap? As a result, many U.S. cities that were once reliant on manufacturing have experienced economic decline and social disruption. It is also a domestic source of energy that can reduce a country's dependence on foreign sources of fossil fuels. 488 0 obj <>stream Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. [79e"; Ly:?M,@hZIdv*KYVBm96p#{oAOJ.1pKSm+2IBQ+FRszh289J={C=Mn^5'. Having a coastline can mean that countries have good access to sea trade routes, as well as direct industries, such as fishing, which can improve economic growth. Answer: Two economic consequences of urbanization include increased job opportunities and increased income inequality. Using development indicators or measures of development. In the 1950s, many countries became independent and removed their colonial ties. Examples include the Maasai Mara in Kenya, the Amazon rainforest in South America, and the Borneo rainforest in Malaysia. Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. Examples include the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador, and the Maldives. As you can see from the GDP map of the world on the left and the Oxfam image above (click on it to find out more) the world is a very unequal place. The United States has uneven development and our ranking on the HDI drops when you account for wealth inequality. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. The effects of uneven development include wealth disparities, health disparities, and international migration. Ecotourism can provide a range of benefits, including: Environmental benefits: By promoting conservation and sustainability, ecotourism can help to protect and preserve natural areas and biodiversity. These sources are considered renewable because they are not depleted when used, unlike fossil fuels, which are finite resources that will eventually be depleted. It is where natural resources are located. A British charity called. core and periphery Answer: Two social consequences of urbanization are increased social isolation and decreased community cohesion. AP Human Geo - 7.8 Sustainable Development | Fiveable a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development, a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. They use concepts of location and distribution to do so.Especially important in the study of human geography is the tension between . The next AP Human Geography test will be held on Tuesday, May 4, 2023, at 8:00 AM. It is characterized by a strong reliance on agriculture, trade, and the bartering of goods and services. Wildlife watching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and photographing wildlife in their natural habitat. For example, the construction of the Panama Canal led to the development of a growth pole in Panama City, as the city became a major transportation hub for shipping goods between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Answer: An example of a boundary dispute is the dispute between India and Pakistan over the territory of Kashmir. What are some strategies that can help to close the development gap? Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for these communities and help to preserve their cultural traditions. Uneven Development - My Geography Research Guides: Human Geography: Economic geography This can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join by shaping cultural exchange and economic ties, such as through the creation of diaspora networks that facilitate trade and investment. The first sentence says that an economy has many moving parts that are created and sold to people. The SDGs are intended to be integrated and indivisible, meaning that they are interconnected and cannot be achieved in isolation. Factors that contribute to boundary disputes include historical claims to territory, competing territorial interests, and differing interpretations of boundary lines. Example: in charge of bus departures times, A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. Uneven nature of growth creates a spatial gap . Answer: Two social or cultural consequences of migration include increased cultural diversity and potential social tensions. Colonialism has occurred intensely throughout history. For example, life expectancy in the UK in 2019 was 81.20 years old. The effectiveness of such policies may depend on factors such as the level of community involvement in decision-making and the transparency of revenue allocation. That is what this whole unit is about. They can provide a wide range of ecotourism opportunities, such as wildlife watching, hiking, and cultural tours. An example of a historical push factor is the Irish potato famine, which led many Irish people to emigrate to other countries. For each value of d.fd . 2). The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as cultural attitudes towards family planning, access to healthcare, and government support. The Development Continuum can show a scale of development, showing the least and most developed countries, and those in between. Are we all living equally? An example of language convergence is Spanglish, which combines elements of Spanish and English to create a distinct dialect that is used in some regions of the United States and Latin America. However, people can be pushed out of their home country because of war or natural disasters. People are living in every corner of the world. What are some of the economic causes of uneven development? The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year. A) Explain the concept of urbanization and identify two historical factors that have contributed to the growth of urban areas. Review Session #1: AP Human Geography. AP Human Geography : Uneven Levels of Development Uneven distribution of a natural resource, such as oil, can impact economic development as countries with access to the resource may become wealthier while countries without access may struggle to compete economically. Trade happens all over the world. (B) Explain how ethnicity can be a factor that leads to the devolution of a state. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Why would the use of the cash payback period for analyzing the financial performance of theatrical releases from a motion picture production studio be supported over the net present value method? Access to high-levels of education and relatively high levels of female empowerment, Access to reliable medical care and sufficient food security, Access to high-level telecommunication and transportation technology, The ability to vote and to buy and sell on an open market.