If #"12.0 mL"# of #"3.10 M"# #"NaOH"# was added to it, resulting in a #"pH"# of #3.80#, what is the #"pK"_a# of the weak acid? The calculation of pH using molar concentration is different in the case of a strong acid/base and weak acid/base. How do you calculate the molar concentration of OH in a 0.075 M solution of ethylamine? The pH equation is still the same: , but you need to use the acid dissociation constant (Ka) to find [H+]. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Besides electrophilic alkylation, nucleophilic substitution of -silyl ethers with allylic silanes or silyl enol ethers has been developed <2000JA10244>. Because of the high electronegativity of oxygen, however, the covalent bond between oxygen and the other atom, E, is usually polarized: E+O. Ka and Kb are usually given, or can be found in tables. WebCesium hydroxide 1026 mg/kg ( Rat ) Not listed Not listed Toxicologically Synergistic Products No information available Delayed and immediate effects as well as chronic WebCesium hydroxide monohydrate 99.5% trace metals basis; CAS Number: 35103-79-8; EC Number: 244-344-1; Synonyms: Cesium hydroxide hydrate; find Sigma-Aldrich-562505 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & The regiospecific partial hydrolysis of diester 77 occurs preferentially by cesium hydroxide to yield, in another one-pot reaction, monoesters 228 and, after alkylation, 229. More on this below. A number of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl substituents were tolerated on the starting primary alcohol, with aryl groups with electron-donating groups in the para position, and alkyl and cycloalkyl groups providing lower yields of the corresponding quinoxalines. 9,10-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene functionalized with 1,3-dithiole-2-thiono[4,5-f]-1,10-phenanthroline and [Re(CO)5Cl] give the N,N-coordinated 116 (R=SMe, COOMe) (12EJI2494). C. Kouklovsky, in Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations II, 2005. Note that the pH scale is logarithmic (difference by one means difference by order of magnitude, or tenfold) and inversely indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. Long-chain DTT thioethers 233 (98JPR450) and oligooxyethylene-bridged bis-DTTs 236a and b (98CC1653) were obtained from mono- and dimercapto DTT anions, likewise prepared by saponification (Scheme 55). The desired products were obtained in good-to-high yields. WebIt contains 40.1 percent cesium on a pure basis, and impure samples are ordinarily separated by hand-sorting methods to greater than 25 percent cesium. #K_b# for #"acetoaminophen"# is #4.1xx10^-4#. What is the pH of a 0.10 M solution of barium hydroxide, #Ba(OH)_2#? The primary reactions that are responsible for the formation of limestone caves are as follows: \[\ce{CO2(aq)+ H2O (l) \rightleftharpoons H^{+} (aq) + HCO^{}3(aq)} \label{17.21}\], \[\ce{HCO^{}3(aq)\rightleftharpoons H^{+} (aq) + CO^{2-}3(aq)} \label{17.22}\], \[\ce{Ca^{2+} (aq) + CO^{2}3(aq)\rightleftharpoons CaCO3(s)} \label{17.23}\]. 2,6-Bis(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-tetrathiafulvalene and [(5-Cp)Ir(-Cl)Cl]2 or [(5-Cp)Ir(E2C2(B10H10))] (E=S, Se) form dinuclear [(5-Cp)IrCl2(-2,6(7)-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-tetrathiafulvalene)Cl2Ir(5-Cp)] or [(5-Cp)Ir(E2C2(B10H10))(-2,6(7)-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-tetrathiafulvalene)Ir(E2C2(B10H10))(5-Cp)](07JOM4545, 09CCR1398). What concentration of acid is needed to ensure that Pb2+ precipitates as PbS in a saturated solution of H2S, but Fe2+ does not precipitate as FeS? If an acid has an #[H^+]# of #1*10^-2#, what is its pH? What is a substance with a pH of 4 called? What is the pH if 50.0 mL of 0.100 M HCN is mixed with 100.0 mL of 0.100 M NaOH? Most elements whose oxides exhibit amphoteric behavior are located along the diagonal line separating metals and nonmetals in the periodic table. This reaction will give you a carboxylate salt (Cesium Oxalate) and water. Given #K_b=2.22xx10^-11# for nitrite ion, what is #pH# for a solution of #NaNO_2(aq)# that is #4.5xx10^-4*mol*L^-1# with respect to the salt? Now we can use the equilibrium constant K for the overall reaction, which is the product of Ka1 and Ka2, and the concentration of H2S in a saturated solution to calculate the H+ concentration needed to produce [S2] of 1.6 1021 M: \[K=K_{\textrm{a1}}K_{\textrm{a2}}=(1.1\times10^{-7})(1.3\times10^{-13})=1.4\times10^{-20}=\dfrac{[\mathrm{H^+}]^2[\mathrm{S^{2-}}]}{[\mathrm{H_2S}]} \label{17.37}\]. Hence the concentration of hydrogen ions in such solutions can be taken to be equal to the concentration of the acid. of 2-[(benzyloxy)methyl]thiirane, which leads to the formation of 3,6-bis[(benzyloxy)methyl]-1,4,5-telluradithiepane 225 in 48% yield. )%2F18%253A_Solubility_and_Complex-Ion_Equilibria%2F18.7%253A_Solubility_and_pH, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), \[\mathrm{Cr(OH)_3(s)}+\mathrm{OH^-(aq)}\rightarrow\underset{\textrm{green}}{\mathrm{[Cr(OH)_4]^-}}\mathrm{(aq)}\label{17.29}\], \[K_{\textrm{a1}}=1.1\times10^{-7}=\dfrac{[\mathrm{H^+}][\mathrm{HS^-}]}{[\mathrm{H_2S}]}=\dfrac{x^2}{0.10\textrm{ M}}, \[\begin{align}\mathrm{[H^+]^2}=\dfrac{K[\mathrm{H_2S}]}{[\mathrm{S^{2-}}]}=\dfrac{(1.4\times10^{-20})(\textrm{0.10 M})}{1.6\times10^{-21}\textrm{ M}}&=0.88, Equations \(\ref{17.21}\) and \(\ref{17.22}\)), The Effect of AcidBase Equilibria the Solubility of Salts, Acidic, Basic, and Amphoteric Oxides and Hydroxides, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQNcLH6OZK0. Related Pages. What is the #[H_3O^+]#? What is #[NH_4^+]# in a solution that is 0.0200 M #NH_3# and .0100 M #KOH#? Electron-withdrawing groups on the 1-(2-nitrophenyl)pyrroles gave slightly higher yields. Another group used o-diisocyanoarenes instead of o-phenylenediamines as the nitrogen source for the construction of the pyrazine ring. concentration of undissociated acid molecules Silica gel and triethylamine were added to the mixture and the resulting suspension was stirred at 60C. Srensen introduced this concept in 1909. WebCesium hydroxide. Do you think the pH of soap is 4 or 9? What is #pH# of a solution nominally composed of #1.5*mol*L^-1# ammonia? What is the #H^+# concentration for an aqueous solution with pOH of 4.31 at 25C? 1-(2-Nitrophenyl)pyrroles were also used as a two-nitrogen source for the formation of the pyrazine ring. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. The addition of concentrated base (6 M NaOH) to the beaker on the right caused Cr(OH)3 to dissolve, producing green [Cr(OH)4]ions. The thiol peroxidase-like activity of a series of novel functionalized tellurium-containing catalysts has been investigated in the work of Tanini et al.82 One of the studied Te-containing compounds was dithiatellurepane 226 (Scheme 88). The concentration of CsOH in the source phase is 4 m and the concentration of 2 in the intervening phase is 4mm. Finding the pH of a weak acid is a bit more complicated. pH is the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity. Is this solution acidic or basic; how do you know? Most pollucite contains 5% to 32% cesium oxide. perchloric acid HClO4 I (Scheme 11) <2003CC1940>. When an acid is added to a basic solution, what happens to the pH of the solution? Write the balanced chemical equation for the dissolution of each salt. Treatment of the trimethylsilyl-substituted compounds 191ac with Bu4NF in the presence of C2Cl6, C2F4Br2, or CF3(CF2)5I, respectively, gave the dihalogenated compounds 192ac (Equation 35) <2001SM875>. The reaction with sterically hindered bis(o-chlorophenyl) diselenide gave a low yield of 21%. It was found that the more hindered dithiaselenepane with benzyloxymethyl groups showed a lower catalytic efficiency than 3,7-dimethyl-1,2,5-dithiaselenepane. What concentration of HCl is needed to precipitate La2(C2O4)39H2O but not Ca(C2O4)H2O if the concentration of oxalic acid is 1.0 M? The same conditions were used for the nucleophilic substitution of an iodopurine with the heptafluoropropyl anion derived from the corresponding silane <1999CCC229> (Equation (65)). $$\ce{C2H2O4 + 2CsOH -> C2Cs2O4 + 2H2O}$$ You need 2 Cesium cations to neutralize the -2 charge of the dicarboxylic acid. In both instances, the resulting quinoxalines were obtained in moderate-to-high yields. What is the pH of a solution with a #[H_3O^+]# of #3.45*10^-6# #M#? How do I solve for it? More cesium hydroxide affords unstable dithiolate salt 230 (sensitive to air) and, after alkylation, a cocrystallized mixture of stannylated compounds 231a and b (08JOM763). Selenide 236, protected with p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) group, under the action of formic acid at 50C, produces aldehyde, which was involved in the reaction with -alanine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride without separation (Scheme 93). known to react with the Below, where the droplets land when they fall from the ceiling, a similar process causes another spire, called a stalagmite, to grow up. For example, for phosphoric acid. Average mass 149.913 Da. A solution contains 0.015 M Fe2+ and 0.015 M Pb2+. Diazotization with sodium nitrite and aqueous hydrochloric acid, followed by a diazo coupling reaction with N,N-dimethylaniline, provided the required difluoro ortho-bromo azobenzene. Difluorophenazines were prepared in two steps from 2-bromo-4,5-difluoroaniline. Subsequent BuchwaldHartwig amination under micellar conditions with surfactant Kolliphor EL in water provided the azo intermediate, which upon acid-catalyzed 6-electrocyclizationaromatization with TFA furnished the desired phenazine product. ?) Caesium hydroxide or cesium hydroxide (CsOH) is a chemical compound consisting of caesium ions and hydroxide ions. It is a strong base (pK a = 15.76), much like the other alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. However, due to molecular forces, the value of the constant for each next proton becomes smaller by several orders of magnitude. Finally, plug x into the pH formula to find the pH value. Many of the oxides of the elements in this diagonal region of the periodic table are soluble in both acidic and basic solutions; consequently, they are called amphoteric oxides (from the Greek ampho, meaning both, as in amphiprotic). Metal oxides generally react with water to produce basic solutions, whereas nonmetal oxides produce acidic solutions. Thus adding a strong acid such as HCl to make the solution 0.94 M in H+ will prevent the more soluble ZnS from precipitating while ensuring that the less soluble CdS will precipitate when the solution is saturated with H2S. The addition of a strong acid will have the greatest effect on the solubility of a salt that contains the conjugate base of a weak acid as the anion. Gold(I)-catalyzed nucleophilic oxygenation of terminal and internal alkynes to give vicinal dicarbonyls for the synthesis of 2-substituted quinoxalines. Oxides or hydroxides that are soluble in both acidic and basic solutions are called amphoteric oxides. A solution of formic acid has a pH of 2.70, calculate the initial concentration of formic acid. Given #K_a = 5.90 xx 10^(-2)# for #"0.530 M"# lactic acid, what is the #["H"^+]# at equilibrium? Bains and coworkers reported a homogeneous nickel-catalyzed dehydrogenation for the synthesis of quinoxaline with nickel catalyst 36 and potassium tert-butoxide in toluene at 80C from o-phenylenediamine and vicinal diols under aerobic conditions (20JOC14971; Scheme 41). B To prevent Ca2+ from precipitating as calcium oxalate, we must add enough H+ to give a maximum oxalate concentration of 2.32 107 M. We can calculate the required [H+] by using the overall equation for the dissociation of oxalic acid to oxalate: \[HO_2CCO_2H (aq) \rightleftharpoons 2H^+ (aq) + C_2O^{2}_{4(aq)}\], K = Ka1Ka2 = (101.25)(103.81) = 105.06 = 8.7106. where: have investigated the catalytic activity of N-alkyl diselenides 234, 235, and 238 in thioesterthiol exchange reaction and bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amido (SEA) mediated ligation.87 Synthesis of 5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,2,5-diselenazepan-5-ium trifluoroacetate 234 was performed via alkylation of 1,2,5-diselenazepane trifluoroacetate 233 with bromopropanol in the presence of cesium hydroxide and 4 molecular sieves (MS) in DMF. A solution is prepared by mixing 88.0 mL of 5.00 M HCl and 26.0 mL of 8.00 M HNO3. Why? Given a solution with a pH of 2.8, what is the #H^+# of the solution? The 4-pyridyl derivative of tetrathiafulvalene and [Mo(CO)6] at elevated temperatures form a square supramolecular macrocycle 110 (10OL2386). If #K_a=2.0xx10^-11# for #"hypoiodous acid"#, #HOI(aq)# what is #[H_3O^+]# for #[HOI(aq)]#, whose concentration is #0.23*mol*L^-1#? What is the #"pH"# for a solution containing #"0.500 M"# of a weak triprotic acid whose first #K_a# is #5.78 xx 10^(-10)#? A sample of rainwater collected in the Adiron- dack Mountains had an H+ concentration of .001 mol/L. Tandem hydrosilylationcross-coupling reactions of alkynes have also been developed as an entry into stereodefined trisubstituted alkenes <2003JOC5153>. WebCAS:35103-79-8|Cesium hydroxide monohydrateCesium hydroxide monohydrateCAS35103-79-8,CAS:35103-79-8|Cesium hydroxide monohydrateCesium hydroxide monohydrate (6.17 x 10-4) Given a solution of nitric acid whose #pH=4#, what are #[H_3O^+]#, and #[NO_3^(-)]#? Functionalized carbocycles may be prepared by a cascade reaction involving the condensation of 2-lithio-2-trialkylsilyl thioacetals with epoxides bearing a leaving group within the side chain <1998T11481>, with subsequent silyl group migration and internal nucleophilic attack (Scheme 57). What is the concentration of a solution of #K_2CO_3# that has pH = 11.90? However, even chemically pure, neutral water contains some hydrogen ions1 due to the auto dissociation of water. WebCESIUM HYDROXIDE neutralizes acids violently to form salts plus water. Weak acids/bases only partially dissociate in water. Some theory and an explanation of the calculations with formulas can be found below the calculators. (answer to 2 s.d. This method includes mild, metal-free reaction conditions, tolerance of a broad scope of substituents, and easy access to starting materials. K. Alison Rinderspacher, in Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry, 2021. According to Le Chateliers principle, more MA will dissolve until \(Q = K_{sp}\). Subsequent sequential BuchwaldHartwig amination with either aniline or 2-methoxyaniline under micellar conditions and acid-promoted cyclizationaromatization afforded the respective difluorophenazines in good yield. Under carefully controlled conditions, reaction with a different terminal epoxide gives rise to unsymmetrical 1,5-diols <1997JA6925> (Scheme 56). (Di(2-pyridyl)methylene)-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (L) and [Re(CO)5Cl] form [(2(N,N)-L)Re(CO)3Cl] coordinated via only the pyridine nitrogen heteroatoms (10ICA3742). A certain sample of #"HClO"_2# has a concentration of #"0.125 M"#. Finally, disulfide 56 is partially desulfurated by triphenylphosphine (to give bis-thioether 170, Scheme 42) but, surprisingly, partly regenerated by treatment with sulfuryl chloride (99JOC4376). What is the pOH of a solution with an [OH-] concentration of #9.2 x 10^-8# M? WebCesium hydroxide, CsOH, is dissolved in water to make up a solution that is 0.0325M in CsOH. What should she do to correct this situation? Calculate the #"pH"# of a #"0.32 M"# solution of acetic acid (#K_a = 1.8 xx 10^(-5)#) to three sig figs? Write chemical equations that describe the dissolution of cupric hydroxide both in an acid and in a base. For example, CaF2 is a sparingly soluble salt: \[CaF_{2(s)} \rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+} (aq) + 2F^ (aq) \label{17.18a}\], \[K_{sp} = 3.45 \times 10^{11} \label{17.18b}\]. WebThis approach may be used to lower the pH of an aqueous source phase. have synthesized 1,2,5-dithiaselenepanes 241 exploiting the reactivity of bis(trimethylsilyl)selenide.89 Reaction with substituted thiiranes leads to disubstituted selenides, however, the increase of the reaction time and addition of tetrabutylammonium fluoride leads to mild oxidation of mercapto groups and formation of the target 1,2,5-dithiaselenepanes 241 (Scheme 95). What would be the pH of a 0.503 M solution of ammonia (NH3) at room temperature? When strong acid is added to a saturated solution of CaF2, the following reaction occurs: \[H^+ (aq) + F^ (aq) \rightleftharpoons HF (aq) \label{17.19}\], Because the forward reaction decreases the fluoride ion concentration, more CaF2 dissolves to relieve the stress on the system. A solution contains 0.010 M Ca2+ and 0.010 M La3+. CaCO3 then precipitates from the solution according to the following equation (part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\):): \[Ca^{2+} (aq) + 2HCO^_{3(aq)} \rightleftharpoons CaCO_{3(s)} + CO_{2(g)} + H_2O (l) \label{17.24}\]. Because HI is a strong acid, we predict that adding a strong acid to a saturated solution of PbI2 will not greatly affect its solubility; the acid will simply dissociate to form H+(aq) and the corresponding anion. What is the [#OH^-#] in a solution of pH 3.00? What is the pH of pure water at 25.0 C if the Kw at this temperature is #1.0 x 10-^14#? A novel and Cu(I)-catalyzed one-pot regio- and stereospecific synthesis of benzo[1,5,2]thiaselenazepine 1,1-dioxides 250 by cyclization of functionalized propynamides 153 with elemental selenium has been developed52 (Scheme 100). \[Cu(OH)_{2(s)} + 2H^+ (aq) \rightarrow Cu^{2+} (aq) + 2H_2O (l) \nonumber\], \[Cu(OH)_{2(s)} + 2OH^ (aq) \rightarrow [Cu(OH)_4]^2_{(aq)} \nonumber\]. What is the #"pH"# for #"0.11 M"# #"HF"# dissociating in water at #25^@ "C"#? Since pure water is neutral in pH, what does it contain? Ammonia (#NH_3#) is a weak base with a #K_b = 1.8 x 10^-5#. Based on their mechanistic studies, the authors postulated that the 2,3-bis(selanyl)quinoxalines most likely did not form via an aza-Bergman cyclization but rather via an imidoyl radical intermediate which through attack on the remaining isocyano group cyclizes and generates a cyclized imidoyl radical which then reacts with another molecule of the diselenide starting material to render the respective 2,3-bis(selanyl)quinoxaline (Scheme 49). As more acid is added to a suspension of Mg(OH)2, the equilibrium shown in Equation \(\ref{17.17}\) is driven to the right, so more Mg(OH)2 dissolves. Shee and coworkers prepared functionalized quinoxalines from either 1,2-diaminobenzenes or 2-nitroanilines, respectively, and vicinal diols, employing a nickel(II) bromide/1,10-phenanthroline catalytic system, and cesium hydroxide monohydrate in refluxing toluene (20JOC2775; Scheme 40). Both alkyl and aryl groups on the vicinal diol and electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the o-phenylenediamine were well tolerated. What is the pH of a #2.6*10^-9# #M# #H^+# solution? The chemical equations for the reactions are as follows: \[\mathrm{Cr(OH)_3(s)}+\mathrm{3H^+(aq)}\rightarrow\underset{\textrm{violet}}{\mathrm{Cr^{3+}(aq)}}+\mathrm{3H_2O(l)} \label{17.28}\], Video \(\PageIndex{1}\): Chromium(III) Hydroxide [Cr(OH)3 or Cr2O33H2O] is an Example of an Amphoteric Oxide. The cracks gradually enlarge from 1050 m to 510 mm, a process that can take as long as 10,000 yr. What is the pH of this sample? What is the concentration of #OH^-# ions in the solution? The #Ka# of phosphoric acid, #H_3PO_4#, is #7.6 x 10^-3# at 25#"^o#C. The rest is water. If the pH of a hydroiodic acid solution is known to be 3.21, what is the molar concentration of the acid solution? Tanini with co-authors, have described rongalite-promoted on water synthesis of functionalized tellurides via the reaction of sodium telluride with electrophiles.81 Authors have used the reaction of elemental tellurium (1eq.) Martinez et al. A 0.20 mol/L solution of propionic acid has a pH of 2.79. Belongs to the Following Reactive Group(s). We begin our discussion by examining the effect of pH on the solubility of a representative salt, \(\ce{M^{+}A^{}}\), where \(\ce{A^{}}\) is the conjugate base of the weak acid \(\ce{HA}\). What is the weak ionization constant (#K_a#) for #HCN# equal to? For the synthesis of 2,3-bis(selanyl)quinoxalines, a broad scope of substituents was well tolerated. A 100.0 mL sample of .10 M #NH_# is titrated with .10 M #HNO_3#. What are substances with a pH below 7.0 considered? Online calculator: pH of a solution calculator - PLANETCALC Cesium has the ability to penetrate cancerous cells, changing the acidic pH to alkaline pH, thereby vitiating the enzyme system of the cancer cell and its reproducing What is the pH of a #1.15 * 10^-12# M solution of #KOH#? Scheme 51. 2682 157 2681 154(solution) Formula. To calculate the pOH, we can use the formula: pOH = -log[OH-] In this section, we discuss the relationship between the solubility of these classes of compounds and pH. Jie with co-workers have studied addition reactions with an active six-membered phosphane/borane 227.85 The reaction of 227 with dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate in dichloromethane leads to the formation of 228 as a pale yellow solid in 62% yield (Scheme 89). Office of Response and Restoration, The most direct way to do this is to adjust [H+] by adding acid to the H2S solution (recall Le Chatelier's principle), thereby driving the equilibrium in Equation \(\ref{17.34d}\) to the left. Using the I.C.E the method, calculate the pH and ionization of a 1.75 M #NH_3# solution in 2.50 M #NH_4Cl#? Water is then added until the final volume is 1.00 L. How would you calculate [H+], [OH -], and the pH for this solution? Scheme 42. Next reaction of the amine 237 with a solution of 2,2-dithiobis(5-nitropyridine) (DTNP) in trifluoroacetic acid under stirring at room temperature for 1h leads to the formation of 5-(2-carboxyethyl)-1,2,5-diselenazepan-5-ium trifluoroacetate 238 in 57% yield. Proposed mechanism for the photoinduced synthesis of 2,3-bis(selanyl)quinoxalines. What is [H3O+] for a 0.500 M solution of hydrochloric acid? #"Hydroxylamine"#, #HONH_2# is a weak Bronsted base with #K_b=10^-8#. What is the resultant #pOH# when a #5*mL# volume of #NaOH# of #0.165*mol*L^-1# concentration is diluted to a #450*mL# volume?
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