What do Odysseus and his men do to the Cyclops? Renews May 8, 2023 The king of Ithaca attracted the anger of Poseidon not because of the events of the war, however, but because of what happened afterward. 2 Why does Odysseus lie and say his ship was destroyed? Next, he gives the cyclops wine to get him drunk, and he tells the cyclops his name is Nobody. When the cyclops falls asleep, Odysseus blinds him with the hardened stake. Odysseus and his men made a plan to escape from Polyphemus before they could all be eaten. Odysseus finally arrives hometo find Penelope, his wife, beset by suitors. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. Had he not shouted his name back to Polyphemus, Poseidon might not have known who to target for wounding his son. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The artist has added some details not evident in the poem, including the swirling steam around the giant. 3 Pages. Odysseus name sounds like nobody. When Polyphemus returns, Odysseus gets him drunk on wine that he brought along from the ship. Odysseus was tempted to kill Polyphemus. By telling Polyphemus his name, Odysseus pits his mortal indignation against Poseidons divine vengeance. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Odysseus is an unappreciative, self-centered, lazy, and selfish man that does not deserve the title as hero. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. (True or False), Achilles is the protagonist of The Odyssey. 3 What happens when Odysseus yell to the Cyclops? Odysseus is a bad leader for the traits he upheld in the book which causes him twenty years to return home to Ithaca after the Trojan war. What God did Odysseus offend by injuring the Cyclops? They find the cave empty - apart from some of the shepherd's animals and cheeses - so they slaughter a lamb and enjoy a roast meal. Gods and Goddesses also play a role. Why does Odysseus lie to the cyclopes and say his ship was destroyed. Part 1Odysseus's return voyage begins well - but there is a prophesy that his journey will take 10 years. Who does Odysseus encounter in the Land Of The Dead in Homer's Odyssey? Because of this, they don't render assistance, and Odysseus and his remaining men are able to make good their escape. When Odysseus blinded Polyphemus and stole many of his sheep, the Cyclops prayed to Poseidon (his father and god of the sea) to keep Odysseus from ever returning home or at least to make his journey long, perilous, and hard, and that he would return home by himself, . Why does Odysseus reveal his name to Polyphemus after he has escaped? In The Odyssey, Odysseus may have been a prideful . Odysseus hubris is the reason why it takes him so long to return home. You gods of sea and sky I conquered Troy me odyseus a mortal man of flesh and blood and bone and vein . Polyphemus then passes out from the wine, vomiting wine and parts of dead men. Odysseus and his crew escape, but Odysseus rashly reveals his real name, and Polyphemus prays to Poseidon, his father, to take revenge. Supernatural beings are featured heavily in epic poetry. 4 What fake name does Odysseus give the Cyclops? Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. His diet includes whatever he can find to hand - so he grabs two of Odysseus's crew and devours them on the spot. His trickery is on display when it comes to dealing with the fearsome Cyclops Polyphemus. Odysseus and his men come within sight of Ithaca. The creature rolls a stone over the door, trapping the men,. What happened when Odysseus and his crew arrived in the island of cicones? Includes reading, writing and grammar activities that can be applied to any of the myths in the series. Then Polyphemus calls for help -- which Odysseus anticipated and which was the reason Odysseus gave Polyphemus a fake name. The first stop made by Odysseus was on the island of the Lotus Eaters, and his next was on another uncharted and mysterious island. The hero had the opportunity to escape from Thrinacia without further harm, however. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What type of animals do they find in Polyphemus' cave? Feeling nothing, Polyphemus allowed each sheep to pass out of the cave, carrying with it one of Odysseus crew tied to its belly. Having already lost most of his fleet to a storm, Odysseus landed his last remaining ship on an island they first thought to be uninhabited. They are amazed to find that everything seems much larger than they are familiar with - including the sheep. While the cyclops is out with his sheep, Odysseus sharpens a piece of wood into a stake and hardens it in the fire. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Poseidons son asked his father to ensure that Odysseus never returned to Ithaca. Ask students what factors complicate the Greeks' attempts at escaping. The encounter with Polyphemus showed Odysseus to be an exceptionally clever and intelligent man. Which encounter does Odysseus and his mean have before Polyphemus? For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! The people of Sparta claimed that Ares had been nursed by a nymph called Thero. They just think that Polyphemus is saying that nobody is killing him. Summary: Book 10. After a decade of wandering and the loss of his ship and all the men who crewed it, Odysseus made it back to Ithaca to find suitors conspiring to take his land and kill his son. (Where does Odysseus want to go?). Why does Odysseus tell the Cyclops his true name? What trick does Odysseus use so that Polyphemus won't get help from all the other Cyclopes on the island? (True or False). Odysseus and his men do not land because of a gust of wind takes them back into the middle of the sea. Odysseus ignores their entreaties, however, opting instead to remain and wait for the owner of the cave to return. In TheOdyssey, why does Odysseus tell Polyphemus that his name is Nobody? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. To escape the cave, Odysseus and his men hide under the Cyclopss wooly sheep; looking for the intruders, the giant feels only the top of each animal when he rolls back the huge stone blocking the entrance and releases his sheep. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Odysseus wants to visit the Cyclops out of pure curiosity. The situation's pretty desperate; the way things are going, Odysseus and his men will all end up in the belly of this one-eyed giant. Safe on board their ships and with Polyphemuss flock on board as well, Odysseus calls to land and reveals his true identity. 7 Why did Odysseus shout his name to Cyclops? 9 How did Odysseus blinds the Cyclops with the stake? He doesn't want to not be able to talk to Tiresias? Once clear of the cave, the men hurried back to the ship. Odysseus tells Polyphemus his name is "Nobody" to prevent Polyphemus from being able to successfully call for help when Odysseus enacts his escape plan. While discovering the Cyclops' Island, Odysseus encounters a barbaric giant named Polyphemus. Polyphemus asks where they landed their ship, but because Odysseus knows that Polyphemus would just destroy the ship he lies and says they were shipwrecked by Poseidon. Once the Cyclops is asleep the crew think of killing him; but Odysseus explains that the rock which blocks the doorway is far too large for them to roll away themselves and that if they kill the Cyclops they will simply die a slow death, trapped in the cave. The hero had been carrying a skin of exceptionally strong wine when he explored the island, and he offered this to the cyclops. Why doesnt the goddess Athena get Odysseus home sooner? -Sage Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. In Homer's epic poem The Odyssey, Odysseus is a prideful leader, but this eventually comes back to hurt him. Odysseus claimed that he was called Outis, or Nobody. As thanks for the wine, Polyphemus declared that he would eat Nobody last of all. What does Circe do to the crew? Perseus must fight Medusa, a snake-haired monster - a look and you'll be turned to stone. SparkNotes PLUS What does Odysseus bring with him onto the Cyclops island? Polyphemus dismembered and ate two of Odysseus' men What was Odysseus tempted to do, and why didn't he do it? How do Odysseus and his remaining men escape from the cave? In the beginning of the journey, he and his men sacked the city of the Cicones and carried away many spoils; Odysseus wanted to leave, but his men decided to stay and plunder and feast. In The Odyssey, as he leaves the Cyclops island, Odysseuss foolish blunder is telling Polyphemus his name, which means that Poseidon, Polyphemuss father, can take revenge on Odysseus and his men. Odysseus tells the Cyclops his name is Nobody as he knows that when he attacks, the Cyclops will cry out and be asked by other Cyclopes if it needs help. How do Odysseus' men finally escape from the cave? To prove to Polyphemus that he was the one who defeated him. BBC Teach > School Radio > English > Ancient Greek myths, Persephone - Orpheus - Minotaur - Midas - Medusa - Trojan Horse - Cyclops - Penelope. He acts this way solely because of his hubris, and he maintains his pride throughout the story. Odysseus thus devises and executes a plan. His diet includes whatever he can find to hand - so he grabs two of Odysseus's crew and devours them on the spot. While many ships were waylaid or delayed on their journey back from Troy, Odysseus would take ten full years to return home. 7 What does Odysseus mean by his name in the Odyssey? These traits causes his men to die, him suffering, and trouble. He wants to make sure that people know that he was the one who blinded Polyphemus, explicitly instructing Polyphemus to make others aware of his act. Odysseus took twelve of his strongest and bravest men, leaving the rest to guard the ship, to explore the island. Latest answer posted October 02, 2020 at 3:09:58 PM. Venturing inside, they discovered pens for livestock and stores of milk and cheese. If he did, they'd perish. Why does Nestor invite Telemachus to the feast before knowing his identity? The men advise Odysseus to snatch some of the food and hurry off, but, to his and his crews detriment, he decides to linger. Stabbed the cyclops in the eye then ran out; How does Aeolus feel about his cousin, Poseidon? How do I choose between my boyfriend and my best friend? What 3 important pieces of information does Odysseus give the Cyclops about his real life? When the Cyclops awakens in the morning, he eats two more men, and two more again that night. As the giant slept, they plunged it into his eye. At the end of Book 9, Odysseus slaughters the Cyclops's sheep and leaves with his remaining men on their ships, and the ships are critical to the survival of the men who the Cyclops has not killed. Who helps Odysseus outwit her? He sees land and takes a group of 12 with him to find food and fresh water. Because heroes are incredibly strong and courageous, they often seem ____________________ to the readers. When Odysseus and his men are trapped in Polyphemuss cave, hes horrified as the cyclops eats some of his men. Odysseus and some of his men find the cave of Polyphemus; when they discover that the Cyclops is away, his men try to convince Odysseus to take some cattle and cheese and leave before the giant returns. The three traits that makes Odysseus a bad leader are being dishonest, prideful, and careless. When they arrive at the island of the Cyclopes, Odysseuss crew advises caution; they pressed [him] strongly to take some food and a few animals (to eat later) and return to the ship. If he did make it back to his homeland, the giant asked that it be only after a great delay, that all his men die first, and that he found trouble in his own home. Log in here. They were dismayed to learn that the giant did not care about Zeus or his laws. Odysseus replies that his name is Nobody ( 9 . What was the result of Odysseus taunting the Cyclops? Dont have an account? What does Odysseus give the Cyclops to put him to sleep? It is then, that Odysseus got Polyphemus drunk, told him that his name is Nobody and after that blinded the one-eyed giant. Odysseus got the cyclops drunk on wine and used the stake to blind him when he had fallen asleep. Some nymphs in Greek mythology were famous, but others were only known in a certain time Two Characters Named Antiope in Greek Mythology, Hecate Greek Goddess of Witchcraft : The Complete Guide. What does Odysseus plan to do to escape after blinding the Cyclops? 967 Critical Viewing Answer: The illustration depicts the moment after Odysseus taunts the Cyclops while his men sail furiously away from the island. They find the cave empty - apart from some of the shepherd's animals and cheeses - so they slaughter a lamb and enjoy a roast meal. Odysseus tells Polyphemus his name is "Nobody" to prevent Polyphemus from being able to successfullycall for help when Odysseus enacts his escape plan. How does Aeolus show his goodwill when Odysseus is about to leave? SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. What does that term mean? He blinded a Cyclops, he invoked the wrath of Poseidon, and remember that time he got distracted by a sexy sea-witch for an entire year? Odysseus, Latin Ulixes, English Ulysses, hero of Homer's epic poem the Odyssey and one of the most frequently portrayed figures in Western literature. Odysseus and his crew use the wooden stake to blind him. The monstrous giant treated them as intruders rather than guests and locked them in the cave he shared with his sheep and goats. The caves inhabitant soon returnsit is the Cyclops Polyphemus, the son of Poseidon. Odysseus' ship nearly collided with a large stone thrown into the sea during his rage. He also describes the Cyclops' actions in a particularly gory manner as Odysseus' "[men's] brains spattered out and oozed into the dirt" as the Cyclops "tore them limb from limb" (9.281-9.282). -Shy and quiet. How do Odysseus and Telemachus defeat the suitors? They forget their homeland and want to stay on the island forever. By telling Polyphemus his name, Odysseus pits his mortal indignation against Poseidons divine vengeance. Aeolus presents Odysseus with a bag containing all of the winds, and he stirs up a westerly wind to guide Odysseus and his crew home. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Odysseus first wishes to kill the sleeping Polyphemus with his sword. The Cyclops then fell fast asleep in a drunken sleep. Thankfully, Odysseus's seemingly limitless capacity for trickery doesn't desert him, and he comes up with a truly audacious escape plan. Polyphemus's friends come in response to his screaming and when they ask what's wrong, he says, "Nobody is killing me, my friends, by treachery, not using any force." In The Odyssey, how does the character of Odysseus change from the beginning of his quest until the end? Why were Odysseus' men "mutinous fools" after seemingly defeating the Cicones? What did Odysseus do in the cave of Polyphemus? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. They then wait until dawn. Odysseus's return voyage begins well - but there is a prophesy that his journey will take 10 years. . Please like and share this article if you found it useful. Historical Context Essay: Hospitality in Ancient Greece, Literary Context Essay: The Odyssey and the Fantastic Journey, A+ Student Essay: Homer's Portrayal of the Magical and Fantastical. Although Odysseus's desire to learn about giants had been fulfilled, lives were lost in the process. From Troy, the winds sweep him and his men to Ismarus, city of the Cicones. Why does Odysseus keep taunt the Cyclops? From the beginning, therefore, the Odyssey is more than a tale of cunning and intelligence. How is Odysseus able to would Polyphemus? Of course, the Cyclops replies that nobody is bothering or killing it. 8 How did Odysseus and his men escape polyphemuscave? These traits causes his men to die, him suffering, and trouble. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Throughout the Epic, dawn (the morning) is frequently described as "young Dawn with fingertips of rose." When Polyphemus returned, he slaughtered two more men. Among the giants simple belongings they found an enormous cudgel of olive wood. Instead, he came up with a clever plan to escape. He needs the Cyclops to move the boulder blocking the entrance to the cave. The Cyclops's friends don't know that "Nobody" is meant to be a proper name, like Odysseus, for example. He feeds him the strong wine without diluting it in hopes he will fall asleep so they can escape. The giant ate the two men as Odysseus and his companions looked on in horror. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The men hide under 3 sheep. We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. What does the Cyclops ask his father Poseidon to do for him. The men decided to wait for the caves inhabitant to return. While he had tried to avoid the war to remain with his infant son, he had been conscripted and spent ten years away from his family and kingdom. He yelled that he was not called Nobody. Reluctantly, Odysseus tells the Phaeacians the sorry tale of his wanderings. After the Cyclops throws one more boulder at the ship (this one pushes them out to sea), the episode is over; however, the consequences of this bit of temper will be felt by Odysseus and his men for years. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. In the image, the giant has broken off the top of a hill and is preparing to hurl it at Odysseus' ship. In the meantime they lit a fire and took some of the cheese for themselves, being sure to offer some to the gods. That is exactly how Odysseus's plan plays out. After making a meal of wild goats captured on an island offshore, they cross to the mainland. Literary Analysis Epic Hero Point out that Odysseus is prepared to kill Cyclops by stabbing him in the liver. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. When they began to sail away, however, Odysseus shouted one last insult back to the blinded giant. What happens when Odysseus yell to the Cyclops? 1 How does Odysseus escape from the Cyclops cave? Odysseus used his wits to cleverly escape the cannibal giant that held him captive. Blinded, he will not see the Greeks escaping. Soon after, however, he and a dozen of his men were taken captive by the cyclops Polyphemus. I am the owner and chief researcher at this site. Odysseus asks for further help from Aeolus. Odysseus tells Polyphemus that his name is no one, nobody, or outis (in Greek). 534 Words. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The home island of Odysseus is Ithaca. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". suppliants are lesser people. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. What does Odysseus tell the Cyclops after he escaped? How chemistry is important in our daily life? (True or False). What is his reply? The form that Odysseuss revelation of his identity takes is interesting, as it represents the cultural values of ancient Greece. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. For good measure, Odysseus tells the Cyclops that his name is Nobody. Polyphemus was a son of Poseidon, the god of the seas. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% That Odysseus and his men will face danger and peril on their way home. Odysseus slips his name in order to show the Cyclops that he was the one who defeated him. Odysseus was the king of the island of Ithaca and a participant in the Trojan War. While discovering the Cyclops' Island, Odysseus encounters a barbaric giant named Polyphemus. To prove to Polyphemus that he was the one who defeated him. (True or False), Which of the following is considered to be common archetypes? The men hid through the night and when morning came the blinded giant moved the boulder aside to let his sheep and goats out. Odysseus's plan is to use the fact that Polyphemus . Then you can offer me a gift,as your guest. Analysis. A comparison of two unlike things that uses like or as developed over several lines of verse. You'll also receive an email with the link. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Analyzes how odysseus boasted to him that he was able to outsmart him, which nearly got him and the rest of his crew killed by flying boulders. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Where did he hide his stake from the Cyclops when he came back in the cave? 8 How did Odysseus find out his name was nobody? The blinding of Polyphemus earned Odysseus the enmity of the sea god, and everything Polyphemus asked for came to pass. They take refuge in a cave, only to learn that it is the home of one of the monsters, Polyphemus. Why does Odysseus reveal his name to Polyphemus after he has escaped? Odysseus has made some mistakes. He's picking them off one by one whenever he fancies a snack. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. By claiming he is "nobody," he, Odysseus, cannot be blamed for the actions to come. What personality flaw in Odysseus is revealed when he taunts the Cyclops? How is the craftiness and cunning of Odysseus revealed in this escape? Providing some of the richest and most celebrated examples of Odyssean cunning, they speak as much to the resourcefulness of the poet, who uses Odysseuss voice to render a more complete picture of his heros wanderings, as to that of the hero himself. Odysseus lies and tells Polyphemus (the cyclops) that his boat was shipwrecked off the coast of his island. But if he calls for help in catching "Nobody," then no one will come to his aid. What did the Cyclops do that appalled the men? Odysseus and his men escaped from the Cyclops by Odysseus and his men tied themselves to the bellies of the sheep and slipped by the cyclops without him even knowing it. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Significant Myths and Structure of the Text. "Cyclops, you asked my noble name, and I will tell it; but do you give the stranger's gift, just as you promised. Odysseus wants to protect his stores from the Cyclops. May 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Odysseus tells Polyphemus his name is Nobody to prevent Polyphemus from being able to successfully call for help when Odysseus enacts his escape plan. He does this because he knows that Polyphemus will destroy his boat if he . How is Odysseus' escape from the cave different from his men's escape? That plan involves getting Polyphemus blind drunk and then stabbing him in the eye with a sharpened stake. How does Odysseus react to his men after they eat the lotus plant? What are the notable features of the Cyclops' island? If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Homers Odyssey describes the next ten years of the kings life. He does this because he knows that Polyphemus will destroy his boat if he thinks it is sitting out there. How did Odysseus get away from the Cyclops? What are 3 examples of times when Odysseus demonstrated epic hero/god like qualities in The Odyssey? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Meanwhile the Cicones called their neighbors for backup . The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". When Odysseus and his men are trapped in Polyphemus's cave, he's horrified as the cyclops eats some of his men. We, the reader, really begin to the Odysseus' plan to escape unfold when he devises a plan to offer Polyphemus, the Cyclops, Since Odysseus dragged his men this shows that he cares about them. They see a cave and make their way up to it hoping to find the shepherd. He killed the men two at a time, eating their bodies in front of the horrified survivors. The character flaw or error of a tragic hero that leads to his downfall, Epic heroes have superhuman strength. Also, for emphasis, he adds a . Already a member? For all of his stupidity and brutishness, Polyphemus strikes some commentators as vaguely sympathetic at the end of Book 9. The Cyclops - called Polyphemus - is a giant, with one eye in the middle of his forehead and he's the son of Poseidon, god of the sea. If anyone asked who had blinded them, the giant should tell them that it was Odysseus of Ithaca. Poseidon had been angry with the Greeks as they left Troy and sent a storm that destroyed many ships. Read about our approach to external linking. As soon as they eat this fruit, they lose all thoughts of home and long for nothing more than to stay there eating more fruit. He taunts the Cyclops and tells him his real name. But the shepherd is about to return Part 2The Cyclops - called Polyphemus - is a giant, with one eye in the middle of his forehead and he's the son of Poseidon, god of the sea. . How does the Cyclops feel about the gods? How do Odysseus and his men finally escape the Cyclops' cave? Odysseus tells Polyphemus his name is "Nobody" to prevent Polyphemus from being able to successfully call for help when Odysseus enacts his escape plan. When the Cyclops eats Odysseus' men, how do the rest of them feel? What are the conflicts in A Christmas Carol? Indeed, his eventual punishment costs him dearly: Poseidons anger wipes away the very thing that he gains by cleverly obscuring his namethe safety of his men. 3 What does Odysseus say to the Cyclops that he must do for Odysseus and his men while they are in the cave? He shouts his name loudly to torment cyclops which causes problems for him further. After he's successfully escaped, though, Odysseus is reckless and admits his true name to Polyphemus. When Odysseus and his men are trapped in . Nobody I am called by mother, father, and by all my comrades. With Polyphemus dead, nobody will be able to open the cave door. You can view our. WHat does odysseus tell the Cyclops happened to his ship? How did Odysseus blinds the Cyclops with the stake? It does not store any personal data. They point to the pitiful prayer that he offers to his father, Poseidon, and his warm treatment of his beloved sheep, who are soon to be devoured by Odysseus and his men. While many ships experienced delays on their trips back to Greece, the anger Poseidon felt toward Odysseus made the Odyssey particularly arduous. He knows that in the event of his escape, Polyphemus will call for help. -Clever and curious The juxtaposition of gently and powerful and the poetically stated question illustrate that, despite his monstrousness, Polyphemus is somewhat tenderhearted. ", "Nobody I eat up last, after his comrades; all the rest first; and that shall be the stranger's gift for you.". (Full disclosure, he also stole some cheese.) (True or False) True. Of course, the Cyclops replies that nobody is bothering or killing it. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. It seems the Trojan War will never enduntil Odysseus concocts an unlikely plan. What item did Odysseus bring with him to explore the land of the Cyclops? Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Polyphemus drank the bowl of wine and asked for another. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. What does Odysseus mean by his name in the Odyssey? How does Odysseus show his fatal flaw (Hubris) as he is escaping the Cyclops's island? Why does it matter if Odysseus reveals his true identity to the Cyclops? Odysseus knew that killing the giant outright would leave them trapped in the cave because the boulder that blocked the entrance was too large for the men to move.
Anderson Uniform Odfl Password,
Wlky Anchor Leaving,
Serpentine How To Cleanse,
Le Jules Verne Wine List,
Articles W