the primary function of the second paragraph is to

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. % For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial. J Med Case Reports 17, 169 (2023). Here are some possible clues: Since the clarity and effectiveness of your transitions will depend greatly on how well you have organized your paper, you may want to evaluate your papers organization before you work on transitions. stream The patient was treated with a high dose of UDCA (20mg/kg/day). California Privacy Statement, The overall picture showed chronic hepatitis features and biliary aggression without evidence of portal and lobular granulomas, hepatocyte rosetting, and steatosis. While the main point questions are aimed towards answering the "what? As the example suggests, transitions can help reinforce the underlying logic of your papers organization by providing the reader with essential information regarding the relationship between your ideas. Your instructor has written comments like choppy, jumpy, abrupt, flow, need signposts, or how is this related? on your papers. PubMed When confronted with humans, piranhas first instinct is to flee, not attack. m ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Which is heavier\underline{\text{heavier}}heaviera pound of feathers or a pound of nails? 2). Arranging paragraphs so that the content of one leads logically to the next, will highlight a relationship that already exists by summarizing the previous paragraph and suggesting something of the content of the paragraph that follows. Direct link to Victor Diaz's post The primary purpose quest, Posted 4 years ago. HY: concept, design, definition of intellectual content, manuscript preparation, manuscript editing, manuscript review. We present the case of a 42-year-old Tunisian female, with no significant medical history, who was referred to our ward in 2015 due to generalized pruritus, fatigue, and deranged liver function tests. dCx;g+rw0X"P:0{(.VTi5Yt00]n[#0!#]:zO=DA(!FG(=gEvX,"=ayqrB Z!--QJAA? DC: design, manuscript review. 2. Reread the final paragraph. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. UNR Writing Center Blog. satiety") A. Antithesis If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Campus Box #5135 The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Piranhas rarely feed on large animals; they eat smaller fish and aquatic plants. Our cases raise awareness for this rare condition and indicate the importance of recognizing a possible overlap syndrome, especially in patients with primary biliary cholangitis, to optimize treatment. and the second describes . The liver tissue specimen showed a moderate lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophilic component with minimal piecemeal necrosis and evidence of significant fibrosis. 5 0 obj On the basis of the clinical, biological, and immunological findings, the patient was diagnosed with PBC. endobj Second paragraph uses claims made at the end of the first paragraph to examine an individual. In reality, though, the unity and coherence of ideas among sentences is what constitutes a paragraph. This handout will introduce you to some useful transitional expressions and help you employ them effectively. endobj Whether single words, quick phrases, or full sentences, they function as signs that tell readers how to think about, organize, and react to old and new ideas as they read through what you have written. J Clin Transl Hepatol. (|JKkg Every paragraph in a paper should be: There are many different ways to organize a paragraph. Controlling idea and topic sentence Despite the fact that piranhas are relatively harmless, many people continue to believe the pervasive myth that piranhas are dangerous to humans. Web blog post. Transitions cannot substitute for good organization, but they can make your organization clearer and easier to follow. On the basis of the radiological findings, the diagnosis of PBC/PBC was made. The last paragraph is about the second point, i.e. The decision about what to put into your paragraphs begins with the germination of a seed of ideas; this "germination process" is better known as brainstorming. More often than Id like to admit, I see theses that look something like this: In society today, a lot has changed. The student then turns to me and asks if their thesis is okay, and I have to look them in the eye and tell them I honestly didnt know they had a thesis. Overlap syndrome is a condition characterized by the coexistence of features belonging to different disorders within the spectrum of autoimmune liver diseases: autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) [1]. The author's primary purpose of the passage is to answer choices show how behavior that is widely condemned as vicious is a source of national prosperity express resignation about the resistance of successful liars to attempt to reform them trivialize the friendships of a self-serving political elite writing_center@unc.edu, 2023 The Writing Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License, also, in the same way, just as so too, likewise, similarly, but, however, in spite of, on the one hand on the other hand, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, in contrast, on the contrary, still, yet, first, second, third, next, then, finally, after, afterward, at last, before, currently, during, earlier, immediately, later, meanwhile, now, recently, simultaneously, subsequently, then, for example, for instance, namely, specifically, to illustrate, above, adjacent, below, beyond, here, in front, in back, nearby, there, accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus, additionally, again, also, and, as well, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, then, finally, in a word, in brief, briefly, in conclusion, in the end, in the final analysis, on the whole, thus, to conclude, to summarize, in sum, to sum up, in summary. Part of Mago S, Wu GY. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Solution However, most patients are asymptomatic in the early course of the disease [6]. 2015;47(5):4325. When confronted with humans, piranhas instinct is to flee, not attack. endobj The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Miller, Logan. With time, this concentric fibrosis squeezes off and obliterates the bile duct lumen, leaving behind a fibrous plug or scar. New York: St. Martins. Article There are many techniques for brainstorming; whichever one you choose, this stage of paragraph development cannot be skipped. She was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (15mg/kg/day). Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage? The transition that would establish the logical connection between these two key elements of your argument would indicate to the reader that the information in paragraph B contradicts the information in paragraph A. As the strictures worsen, the peripheral bile ductsbecome poorly visualized on MRCP("pruned tree" appearance) [14]. The author is able to move between explaining their personal experience with reading strategies into a broader discussion of reading strategies as a whole through their use of paragraphable to move from one topic to the next without confusion. Consult a dictionary or writers handbook if you are unsure of the exact meaning of a word or phrase. The explanation should demonstrate the value of the example as evidence to support the major claim, or focus, in your paragraph. Arranging paragraphs so that the content of one leads logically to the next, will highlight a relationship that already exists by summarizing the previous paragraph and suggesting something of the content of the paragraph that follows. There is no specific biological or immunological marker for the diagnosis of PSC. The ending of the first paragraph is almost like a cliffhanger: the reader is pushed into the next paragraph by their desire to find out what that comparison is. CAS Multiple-choice. HK: design, manuscript review. However, the overlap of PBC with PSC is rare and has been reported in only a few cases in the literature [2]. (919) 962-7710 This main idea is usually introduced in the first sentence of the paragraph, called the topic sentence. of + , . These two sentences work together to create a clear and smooth transition between different parts of thesame topic. The reviewer opens the last but one paragraph by mentioning that the author makes two 'timely' points. It is about how Ferguson sees finance as playing an important role to facilitate human progress. <> Building paragraphs can be like building a skyscraper: there must be a well-planned foundation that supports what you are building. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. There are many techniques for brainstorming; whichever one you choose, this stage of paragraph development cannot be skipped. <> Assume that you want to argue that El Pais is not as democratic as the conventional view would have us believe. "Reading Strategies: 24 Questions to Improve Understanding." Transitions within paragraphs: As with transitions between sections and paragraphs, transitions within paragraphs act . Continue the pattern of giving examples and explaining them until all points/examples that the writer deems necessary have been made and explained. A paragraph is defined as a group of sentences or a single sentence that forms a unit (Lunsford and Connors 116). Fusce dui le. volume17, Articlenumber:169 (2023) We report two cases showing the manifestations of both primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis in two Tunisian female patients aged 74 and 42years, respectively. We suggest considering the overlap syndrome of primary biliary cholangitis/primary sclerosing cholangitis when a patient presents with the diagnostic criteria of both diseases. <>>> Transitions can help reinforce your papers organization by providing the reader with essential information regarding the relationship between your ideas. Above the underlined modifier in each sentence, write 1,2, or 3 or more to tell how many things are being described or compared. 8 0 obj "0^=X< W,-DY+sd?+cLyLp"J][r\7luN\{eAnA^*G~xijXQ24'^QgaiRR{#:x7}{KGoe>,ZSS`ju=tps#{]-w @O.O=qB_/Xu'E{d'}WSWtDbIe=IZOyt-p[ If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. There is often a mild lymphocytic infiltrate that accompanies the fibrosis, although the inflammation is much less prominent than in PBC [13]. It is important to be aware that the development of PSC overlap may be responsible for the worsening in cholestasis or primary/secondary non response to UDCA treatment in PBC patients previously responsive to UDCA. Springer Nature. Choice B is incorrect. The function ofthe second sentence (lines.4-7) is to a. dispense with a possible explanation b. trace the ornithological derivation of Parker's nickname c. discount the significance of certain evidence d. point out the importance of documenting claims e. emphasize the volume of research done on Parker a. dispense with a possible explanation Liver biopsy showed dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and lymphoid aggregate in the portal tract, bile ducts were attacked by lymphocytic cells. In the other case, diagnosis was made on the basis of histological findings in a cirrhotic patient. While the trope of the man-eating piranhas lends excitement to the adventure stories, it bears little resemblance to the real-life piranha. This handout will help you understand how paragraphs are formed, how to develop stronger paragraphs, and how to completely and clearly express your ideas. The next paragraph starts with the comparison and then continues on to expand on thecomparison. We highlight here the rarity of this condition and indicate the importance of its recognition. It includes all the evidence you need to make the point. Far more piranhas are eaten by people than people are eaten by piranhas. Campus Box #5135 Yacoub, H., Ben Azouz, S., Hassine, H. et al. The St. Martins Handbook: Annotated Instructors Edition, 6th ed. In providing the reader with these important cues, transitions help readers understand the logic of how your ideas fit together. Which of the following best describes the function of the second sentence (lines 3-9) in the first paragraph? stream She improved clinically and biologically; ALP and GGT dropped to 171 and 113, respectively, within 2months. A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two (however, for example, similarly), a phrase, or a sentence. D Critically evaluate a new idea that is mentioned in the book. Our example paragraph will be about human misconceptions of piranhas. On follow-up, her ascites had resolved after 4weeks. The first-line therapy for PBC and PSC is based on UDCA given at a dose of 1315mg/kg/day in the case of PBC and 1820mg/kg/day in the case of PSC. </sec . Sometimes they are also helpful within the body of a single paragraph. What is a paragraph? CarolinaGo for iOS, The Writing Center J Clin Med. To retain the diagnosis of associated PSC to PBC already diagnosed, we will take into consideration histological and/or radiological criteria. We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback. Your readers (instructors, friends, or classmates) tell you that they had trouble following your organization or train of thought. Tests showed normal thyroid function, liver autoimmune tests for autoimmune hepatitis were negative, and celiac disease markers were also negative. Piranhas rarely feed on large animals; they eat smaller fish and aquatic plants. This impression of piranhas is exacerbated by their mischaracterization in popular media. Their fear of humans makes sense. There was no history of drug or alcohol intake. Overlap syndrome of primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis:two case reports. Cite this article. 2017;40(10):66971. NM: definition of intellectual content, manuscript review. Colonoscopy was negative for inflammatory bowel disease. Article Paragraph development progresses with an example (or more) that illustrates the claims made in the previous sentences. Ninety percent of PBC cases are women, whereas PSC is more common in men. So, in Paragraph A you would enumerate all the reasons that someone might consider El Pais highly democratic, while in Paragraph B you would refute these points. The diagnosis of overlap syndrome of primary biliary cholangitis/primary sclerosing cholangitis was finally made on the results of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography that showed multiple strictures of the common as well as intrahepatic bile ducts. CarolinaGo for Android Now that you have a general idea of how to go about developing effective transitions in your writing, let us briefly discuss the types of transitions your writing will use. The writer concludes this paragraph with a discussion of the problem with thesis statements and suggests there is an easy comparison to make to solve this issue. Transitions signal relationships between ideasrelationships such as: Another example coming upstay alert! or Heres an exception to my previous statement or Although this idea appears to be true, heres the real story. Basically, transitions provide the reader with directions for how to piece together your ideas into a logically coherent argument. Paragraph development continues with an elaboration on the controlling idea, perhaps with an explanation, implication, or statement about significance. When confronted with humans, piranhas first instinct is to flee, not attack. Chapel Hill, NC 27599 <> This helps drive interest throughout the paper and helps link ideas together by establishing relationships between paragraphs. There was no history of alcohol consumption, hepatotoxic medications, previous jaundice, or pruritis. Tempting wrong choices for primary purpose questions are: While paired passages will never have the same main point, they can have a shared, Ask yourself: What are both authors attempting to do with their passages? Then, the author refers back to those reading strategies to introduce the second paragraph and expand the discussion on the topic. endobj A. A transition between paragraphs can be a word or two, a phrase, or a sentence. Nawab says "there is but one man, me, . In the following paragraph, the final two sentences branch off into a different topic; so, the revised paragraph eliminates them and concludes with a sentence that reminds the reader of the paragraphs main idea. 2014;3(1):25. Web log post. ", what is the author trying to say? The patient was subsequently started on diuretics and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) 18mg/kg daily. Option B seems to be close but remember that this paragraph is not about financial crisis and the positive developments that may have happened during or after it. Marchioni Beery RM, Vaziri H, Forouhar F. Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review featuring a womens health perspective. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-023-03908-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-023-03908-y. Many students define paragraphs in terms of length: a paragraph is a group of at least five sentences, a paragraph is half a page long, etc. The second is when the water level in pools where piranhas are living falls too low. The primary function of the second paragraph is to 069 introduce exceptions to earlier generalizations caution the reader that statements in the first paragraph may be misleading recapitulate ideas in the rst paragraph and provide a transition to the third paragraph shift the focus from personal experience to objective analysis expand .

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