iowa dnr staff

This section also includes a grab-bag of other professionals, employed by non-profit organizations, municipalities, or other governmental organizations that work with private landowners on strategic projects throughout the state, primarily within focus watersheds. ~H12$/QC@e@,w@%61q W#54B@xOxBdFP:)dIOc,@ ,P3eJ&_ks1 b^W(HE3S1 5 cLTL(6t )&T$Z*X@^XG =)B@>Ph$(PHE'4{`E`T. Telephone: 515-725-8426, e-mail: Larry.Bryant@dnr.iowa.gov Kirschenman, Terry, P.E. Individual NPDES and state operation permits are included in WWPIE. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has six field offices (FO) who are local representatives to help people understand DNR's environmental programs. Customer Service: 515-725-8200 | Iowa DNR Headquarters Wallace State Office Building | 502 East 9th Street, 4th Floor | Des Moines, IA 50319-0034, Scholastic Action Shooting Program (SASP), State Conservation and Outdoor Recreation Plan, Declaratory Orders and Rulemaking Petitions. Our goal is to coach for compliance rather than collect penalties. The bureau is also responsible for Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) reporting and data management, disaster planning and response coordination, and training and exercise planning and coordination. Resources, 515-725-0498 or theresa.enright@dnr.iowa.gov. Abundant 17- to 28-inch walleyes allowed us to capture more than 1,300 fish (627 females) in just six nights., It is typically difficult to catch big fish and lots of them. Iowa DNR. They also provide guidance on cost share assistance programs and tax incentive programs. Log in or create a new account to save searches and receive notifications for Iowa NPDES permits when they are drafted or issued. Non-SRF project coordinator; Biosolids (sludge) Coordinator; Project Manager and review engineer for non-SRF wastewater construction projects and sludge permits. 2445 Advanced Teaching and Research Building (ATRB), Wildlife Habitat Programs and Consultation, https://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/pidc. Wildlife Diversity Staff Iowa DNR's wildlife diversity staff work with the species in Iowa that are not hunted, trapped or fished for which are sometimes identified as "nongame" wildlife. f: 515-725-8201 General Permit Authorizations are not included in WWPIE and facilities covered by General Information / Records Requests Natural Resource Plates. To reach a helpful staff member, dial 1-800-369-1269 plus the individual extension below John Bright Marketing and Communications Manager ext. Telephone: 515-725-8429, e-mail: Suresh.Kumar@dnr.iowa.gov, Oppelt, James, P.E.CWSRF Team Leader and Project Coordinator - coordinates SRF projects; Lead and conduct the Clean Watersheds Needs Survey; Project manager for wastewater projects in the SRF Loan program.Telephone: 515-725-8428, e-mail:James.Oppelt@dnr.iowa.gov, Customer Service: 515-725-8200 | Iowa DNR Headquarters Wallace State Office Building | 502 East 9th Street, 4th Floor | Des Moines, IA 50319-0034, Scholastic Action Shooting Program (SASP), State Conservation and Outdoor Recreation Plan, Declaratory Orders and Rulemaking Petitions, Wastewater Engineering Section Supervisor, Non-Funded Wastewater Project Construction, Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) Wastewater Project Construction. are lost in the field, buried, or otherwise damaged enough not to be included in a series. Storm Lake's walleye population is stellar right now and will likely remain that way for some time with the protection of the slot limit. Telephone: 515-725-8424, e-mail: Nicole.Barbee@dnr.iowa.gov, Bauer, Timothy Public comments close March 30. and interaction with DNR staff. DNR personnel collected 257 northern pike that produced more than 2.4 million northern pike fry. They also assist landowners with enrollment in state and federal conservation programs. DNR staff responded to a report of an. Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, ISU Extension and Outreach . 339 Science II Rathbun and Storm lakes began netting operations on April 6, while Clear Lake started gill netting for walleyes on April 9. Agriculture and Natural Resources Extension, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, ISU Extension and Outreach DNR staff had one of the best walleye collection seasons in more than 15 years at Rathbun Lake. Opponents of the decision say it will increase emergency calls to sheriffs offices and result in reduced service to campers and other park users. Ames, IA 50011, Iowa State University|Policies p: 515-725-8200 Iowa DNR Customer Service A total of 141 Muskellunge were collected, which are currently being held in the hatchery waiting to be spawned. DAVENPORT, Iowa (KWQC) - The Iowa Department of Natural Resources is asking for the public's help to find who shot a bald eagle in Scott County. Agendas & Minutes. A standard series will contain 3 quantitative sessions and one qualitative session. The Iowa DNR last fall approved Supreme Beef LLC, owned by Mike Walz, Dean Walz and Jared Walz, for a cattle feedlot with 2,750 cows near Monona. State of Iowa; Iowa DNR; Water Quality; Water Monitoring "Leading Iowans in caring for our natural resources." BioNet Version: 4.0.1.13105 . . Natural Resource Plates. Information / Records Requests The information contained on the Natural Resources Stewardship Directory on this website is an amalgamation of publicly-available information. Wastewater treatment project review engineer. x}xT2>)gAltI -!QAAAT(H-PBIxwyzx9:}5!DjRav rKY%Xv0TS.*Ut05 k=BoooV%8+x0tHoo" UA+$!_[[A-W =xRpiKQ93h(:?H`[^TSj:7j?/#4|K $! Professional foresters such as Iowa DNR district foresters and private forestry consultants should be the first point of contact for forestry projects. This is rare and typically only occurred during the early stages of the biological assessment A sampling series is a set of benthic macroinvetebrate sessions that are used to generate an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Surveys. Wildlife Habitat Programs and Consultation, Contacts - Wildlife Habitat Programs and Consultation, amalgamation of publicly-available information. . 1, 2023 11:53 am10h ago. Loggers who buy timber and are not listed on Iowa's Bonded Timber Buyer list are breaking the law. Private forestry consultants and contractors provide landowners with a wide range of forestry services, ranging from general consultation, forest management planning, and timber sale administration, to site preparation, invasive species management, and tree planting and maintenance. Information / Records Requests Hatcheries at Guttenberg, Mount Ayr and Spirit Lake do not have live-in staff. % %PDF-1.4 Welcome to the Iowa DNR's Wastewater Permit Information Exchange (WWPIE) system. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 101 S. Webster Street PO Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707-7921 Follow county board meetings. :0?lB,I(0xHYE$>@)d- 4/30/2023 11:26:19 PM. There is a network ofPrivate Lands Biologistsin Iowa that serve similar roles and often work together to help landowners find the right help and programs. Five of eight fish hatcheries have live-in staff who raise fish for stocking in lakes, ponds and streams in Iowa, Feb. 24, 2022 11:13 am, Updated: May. Iowa (608) 574-6723: michael.burns1@wisconsin.gov: TOWER HILL STATE PARK - SPRING GREEN: . x}xT2>)gAltI -!QAAAT(H-PBIxwyzx9:}5!DjRav rKY%Xv0TS.*Ut05 k=BoooV%8+x0tHoo" UA+$!_[[A-W =xRpiKQ93h(:?H`[^TSj:7j?/#4|K $! State & National Extension Partners. How do we define a professional forester? 1 0 obj However, sometimes quantitative replicates are lost in the field, buried, or otherwise damaged enough not . Last year, the state stocked 169 million fish of 15 species in lakes, ponds, rivers and streams with public access. From water main installation to major drinking water treatment plant upgrades, from sewer extensions to new wastewater facilities, DNR staff work with applicants around the state to ensure that important public health and environmental protection goals are met. Project Manager and review engineer primarily for Industrial wastewater treatment projects and non-SRF wastewater construction projects. We collected 740 female walleye that produced just short of 356 quarts of walleye eggs, said Scott Grummer, Clear Lake fisheries management biologist. Inclusion of entities in the application does not imply endorsement by Iowa State University or affiliates. Stormwater. Larger 6- 9-inch fingerlings (more than 320,000) will be stocked in lakes later this fall. Invert Sampling Series #708. 502 E. 9th Street Des Moines, IA 50319-0034, Customer Service: 515-725-8200 | Iowa DNR Headquarters Wallace State Office Building | 502 East 9th Street, 4th Floor | Des Moines, IA 50319-0034, Scholastic Action Shooting Program (SASP), State Conservation and Outdoor Recreation Plan, Declaratory Orders and Rulemaking Petitions, Fish kill Report as soon as possible including numbers, sizes and species involved, Chemical spills - Note location, date and time and party responsible, if known, Strange color or odor in stream or river - Report as soon as possible with a description. To apply for a new permit, you must have an account. Ice did not go off of Big Spirit and East Okoboji lakes until April 12-13. District Foresters are professional foresters that work with private landowners in regions throughout the state. Field Services staff inspect permitted facilities, annually reviewing permits for more than 200 confined animal facilities, approximately 5,500 manure management plans, permitting more than 450 solid waste . Mon - Fri, 8:00am - 4:30pm CST Check out our DNR FAQ page or you can head over to the Iowa DNR's website as well. Weve got a lot of time and effort into keeping those fish alive., READ MORE: Online services mean less need for live-in state park staff, DNR says. The information contained on the Natural Resources Stewardship Directory on this website is an amalgamation of publicly-available information. Professional foresters such as Iowa DNR district foresters and private forestry consultants should be the first point of contact for forestry projects. Say hello to the best summer job ever. FAX (all Wastewater Engineering Staff): 515-725-8202, Rose Sanchez BioNet. You do not need to make an account to renew an existing permit. Let us help you find what you need. Timber Stand Improvement(TSI), Invasive Species Management(ISM), edge feathering, tree plantings, and CRP/native grass seedings. They also provide guidance on cost share assistance programs and tax incentive programs. The Iowa DNR has a Private Lands Program with wildlife biologists and specialists that cover every county in Iowa and work with private landowners for wildlife habitat restoration projects. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Iowa DNR or IA DNR) is a department/agency of the U.S. state of Iowa formed in 1986, . Submit Contact Information. Walleye fry will be stocked into 31 public bodies of water and 13 watershed rearing ponds. Watch and listen to his comments in the video below. Sign up for the once-a-week Environment & Outdoor Newsletter written by your local environmental journalists Erin Jordan and Brittney J. Miller. please contact a permit writer using the "Contact NPDES Staff" link above. Support conservation in Iowa by buying a natural resource plate for your vehicle. Professional foresters such as National Wild Turkey Federation foresters and private forestry consultants should be the first point of contact for forestry projects. Email: . The DNR decided in November it would require park rangers, park managers and other staff living in state-owned houses in Iowas state parks to move out by Nov. 1, partly because the agency does not want to pay up to $1 million to repair housing. $zH$+M@, 8 endobj While the majority of Walleyes are stocked as fry, some are cultured in Iowa DNR hatcheries and stocked at different sizes. Contact Information by County. The Iowa DNR is proposing three major changes for the . Foresters with the National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF) work in close partnership with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to provide forestry technical assistance and forest management planning to private landowners. % Submit Online Inquiry Seasonal park patrol officers . Please contact us with any questions about the application. <> Project coordinator; Assigns review engineers to larger projects where a project initiation meeting and facility plan are required; Manages non-funded wastewater projects and projects in the SRF loan program. However, sometimes quantitative replicates County Maps. Submit Online Inquiry The DNR will have Fisheries Bureau staff stay in eight state-owned houses at fish hatcheries in Manchester, Decorah, Elkader, Muscatine and Moravia. Support conservation in Iowa by buying a natural resource plate for your vehicle. <> Leading Iowans in caring for our . NWTF Foresters focus on forest management for a wide range of Iowa wildlife not solely wild turkeys. Please use the FAQ link above to view the Frequently Asked Questions document, which includes a list of common terms used in WWPIE. Iowa Department of Natural Resources Director Kayla Lyon, left, and Gov. Copyright 2023 Iowa State University of Science and Technology. All rights reserved. Staff investigate complaints from the public, and respond to spills of hazardous substances from a variety of sources. After the Iowa Department of Natural Resources went 14 months without a permanent, appointed director, Kayla Lyon takes over Monday. 4 0 obj "Abundant 17- to 28-inch walleyes allowed us to capture more than 1,300 fish (627 females) in just six . District Foresters are professional foresters that work with private landowners in regions throughout the state. "Our walleye population has seen a great resurgence in recent years," stated Mark Flammang, district fisheries biologist at Rathbun Lake. Because of the eggs provided by the satellite hatcheries, only local teams needed to net one day to collect enough muskellunge and walleye broodstock to meet egg quotas for both species. Mon - Fri, 8:00am - 4:30pm CST Online services mean less need for live-in state park staff, DNR says, Rathbun, near Moravia, three houses, but one is vacant. Telephone: 515-725-8431, e-mail: Timothy.Bauer@dnr.iowa.gov, Bryant, Larry, P.E. q4b31/"HuzaZ:$F4* RQ1=U':$xeZ6,fD%Z@hh(:dHMd51%=Ix[ Mother Nature provided incredible weather for a fast and furious spawning season.. Along with some walleye adults that stay at the hatchery all year long, netting crews collected enough walleyes to produce 763 quarts at Rathbun Fish Hatchery. 3 0 obj A dramatic warming trend, along with the correct photoperiod, allowed DNR staff to capture more than 3,100 adult female walleyes in a short amount of time at Clear, Rathbun, and Storm lakes. Antidegradation Coordinator; new technology coordinator;project manager for SRF. A sampling series is a set of benthic macroinvetebrate sessions that are used to generate an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). Our goal was to collect 1,880 quarts of walleye eggs to produce over 162 million walleye fry that we can stock in Iowa lakes or raise to a larger size in hatcheries before being released, Rudacille explains. The Iowa State University Plant and Insect Diagnostic Clinic provides diagnosis of plant problems (plant diseases, insect damage, and assessment of herbicide damage) and the identification of insects and weeds from the field, forest, garden, and homes. Make your online reservation for state park cabins, camping sites, shelters and lodges. Telephone: 515-725-8422, e-mail:Terry.Kirschenman@dnr.iowa.gov, Knispel, LauraProject manager for SRF; Wastewater treatment project review engineer.Telephone: 515-725-8423, e-mail:Laura.Knispel@dnr.iowa.gov, Kumar, Suresh Project manager for SRF;Wastewater treatment project review engineer. Professional foresters such as National Wild Turkey Federation foresters and private forestry consultants should be the first point of contact for forestry projects. Contact Information by County. Experience Iowa's natural beauty and all the fun our state parks offer. The information contained on the Natural Resources Stewardship Directory on this website is an amalgamation of publicly-available information. Permits will not appear in the search results. The states hatcheries have other employees who do not live on site, Steuck said. Telephone: 515-725-8427, e-mail: Donna.Gomm@dnr.iowa.gov, Hamoud, Thabit, P.E. We rely on pumps to provide water for the fish. We're hiring seasonal staff in state parks and water monitoring - spread the word! endobj DNRoffices are closed to the public during this time and only available by appointment. Boone Service Center. Mon - Fri, 8:00am - 4:30pm CST After evicting park rangers from Iowas state parks, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources said it will continue to require live-in staff at fish hatcheries. amalgamation of publicly-available information. At a February 17 meeting of the Iowa DNR farmer advisory committee, DNR Deer Biometrician Tyler Harms explained the reasoning behind the department's proposed 2021-22 resident deer hunting rules. Support conservation in Iowa by buying a natural resource plate for your vehicle. A standard series will contain 3 quantitative sessions and one qualitative session. 3 0 obj This section also includes a grab-bag of other professionals, employed by non-profit organizations, municipalities, or other governmental organizations that work with private landowners on strategic projects throughout the state, primarily within focus watersheds. Kim Reynolds are shown in 2021 stocking the first fish (bluegill and sunfish) after the renovation at Lake Geode. If you just want to renew an existing permit without an account, choose the first option below. Staff live in the houses so they can be close to the fish operations round the clock. Information and local maps. Telephone: 515-725-8436, e-mail: Satya.Chennupati@dnr.iowa.gov Iowa POTW Operators Requested to Complete the National Nutrient Removal Questionnaire DNR Staff Update There are several changes and new additions to DNR management and to staf f working in the Water Supply and Water Use program areas. The DNR relies on interested and concerned individuals to report conditions that might be a threat to the publicorenvironment. If you need to contact DNR staff you can reach them by . ?QGzfGs*~PC!I8^I|L`[=At3:,A"|~%uZ4wPa$[0oo=%Ct/Y"SS8)sSe% Jn~5' UNfne7JBh#L!5Sg Xb#7:!fXKL)MH)F!GY8aH~>&1q=217Se@1-]f`=SdbH>2Ti%FL/bKul&2D*abU f* Iowas state parks had a record of nearly 17 million visitors in 2021, the DNR reported. On-site residences at hatcheries serve several purposes, including quick response to alarm (water, oxygen, pumps) calls, security, and performing essential tasks during non-standard business hours.. Sign up to receive notifications. Your local USDA service center houses staff from multiple agencies that can help with a variety of projects on private land. Crews at Storm Lake spawned enough females to produce 631 quarts of walleye eggs, while efforts at Clear Lake produced 356 quarts of eggs. Site preparation, brush management/invasive species management, heavy machinery/forestry mowing/clearing, tree planting by hand, planting maintenance, Forest Stand Improvement (FSI), Site preparation, brush management/invasive species management, heavy machinery/forestry mowing/clearing, tree planting by hand and by machine, planting maintenance (e.g., chemical, mechanical), forest stand improvement (FSI), crop tree release thinning actions, forest management plan creation, timber sales and marketing, timber appraisal, Other services provided include: commercial pesticide applicator to inject urban trees for protection from EAB, bur oak blight, oak wilt, provide small number of native tree seedlings for sale, prescribed burns of oak woodlands and tallgrass prairie, stream restoration design and build, stormwater erosion management with natural stream design methodologies, agroforestry, keyline design and swales, wildlife habitat assessment, prairie reconstruction, seed mix selection and sourcing assistance, prairie seeding by broadcast method, prairie establishment mowing and woody plant removal, management by herbicide and mechanical means, tree sheltering by hand, shrub planting by hand and machine and protecting shrub seedlings with bamboo stakes and mesh plastic shelters, botanical identification of prairie, wetland, and forest native species to assess remnant high-quality restoration opportunities. Iowa DNR Customer Service Telephone: 515-725-8426, e-mail: Larry.Bryant@dnr.iowa.gov, Kirschenman, Terry, P.E. Mark Vitosh. Please contact us with any questions about the application. Search for individual NPDES or state operation permits in final, draft, or draft-amendment status. Ames, IA 50011, Iowa State University|Policies A standard series will contain 3 quantitative sessions and one qualitative session. Information for additional wood processors can be found in our directory of wood processors. Please contact us with any questions about the application. Hatchery staff believe this is the first time that the satellite stations have provided enough eggs to nearly meet quotas prior to staff netting the local lakes. With little natural reproduction in most Iowa lakes and rivers, Iowas Walleye populations rely heavily upon stockings. $zH$+M@, 8 contact a permit writer using the Contact NPDES Staff link above. The updates include the following: The Iowa DNR Lead Service Line Inventory Template has been updated with a minorchange. Yp9_a&G't4\$x#-BG,W?] tVax3z Iowa DNR Fisheries Staff are located throughout the state of Iowa and have expertise in managing fish populations, aquatic vegetation, and aquatic invasive species. Submit Online Inquiry Last Name: First Name: Subject: Counties Served: . All rights reserved. By April 13, Storm Lake and Clear Lake stations had already provided over 85 percent of the walleye eggs needed to fill the Spirit Lake Hatchery. Contact Information by County, Chennupati, Satya, P.E. State & National Extension Partners. Support our award-winning, independent journalism with a subscription today. <> Notify Me. There is a network ofPrivate Lands Biologistsin Iowa that serve similar roles and often work together to help landowners find the right help and programs. Wood processors are a resource for people who have timber to sell, who want logs sawn, or who want to buy logs, lumber, or other wood products. Revenue from fishing and hunting licenses was $37.4 million in license year 2020, up $3.6 million, or 11 percent, from 2019. More than 1.6 million two . Support conservation in Iowa by buying a natural resource plate for your vehicle. User Guide Reference Documentation Contact Us Site Policies. At my three trout hatcheries, we have fish on site 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, Steuck said of hatcheries at Manchester, Decorah and Big Spring. Heres a list of the entities involved in private lands programs in the state indexed in this section. are present, Report it as soon as you see it - if you wait too long, staff may not be able to verify the complaint. We collected an abundance of walleyes with excellent size at Storm Lake this year, said Ben Wallace, district fisheries biologist. Note: Iowa wood processors range greatly in capacity and services provided. 1, 2023 4:29 pm5h ago, Environmental News May. Management biologists are excellent resources for fishing information for anglers in their local areas. Boone, IA 50036. If you have specific questions related to fisheries research you can find contact information for fisheries research staff and learn more about the projects they are working on at the Iowa DNR Fisheries Research page. In total, 1,891 quarts of walleye eggs are being incubated., DNR staff had one of the best walleye collection seasons in more than 15 years at Rathbun Lake. Iowa DNR Steve Woodruff Email: steven.woodruff@dnr.iowa.gov Cell: 319-330-7013 Submit Contact Information The information contained on the Natural Resources Stewardship Directory on this website is an amalgamation of publicly-available information. f: 515-725-8201 Iowa's natural resources plates include the state bird and flower, pheasant, eagle, buck and a Brook trout. Leading Iowans in caring for our natural resources. This site provides public access to NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) and state operation permits for the State of Iowa. Version: 1.2.0.14777 They also assist landowners with enrollment in state and federal conservation programs. WWisard Logon. That was less than one-fourth the 11,600 head Supreme Beef had proposed for the facility. 2023 The Gazette | All Rights Reserved. Identify the party responsible if possible - Company name, license plate number, etc. Field staff conduct inspections for facilities with DNR environmental permits, and respond to spills and complaints. Site preparation, brush management/invasive species management, tree planting by hand and machine, planting maintenance (e.g., chemical, mechanical), forest stand improvement (FSI), forest management plan creation, timber sales and marketing, timber appraisal, certified as a Tree Farm Inspector with the American Tree Farm System (ATFS). Foresters with the National Wild Turkey Federation (NWTF) work in close partnership with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to provide forestry technical assistance and forest management planning to private landowners. f: 515-725-8201 This Field Office Compliance Database tracks the major actions of . Our walleye population has seen a great resurgence in recent years, stated Mark Flammang, district fisheries biologist at Rathbun Lake. The Iowa DNR Field Services and Compliance Bureau includes six field offices located throughout Iowa. They provide consultation and planning services related to timber sales, tree planting, and improving wildlife habitat or timber quality. Full list of DNR's online services Up-to-date information on DNR services, facilities and events impacted by COVID-19 Technical information for regulated businesses in regards to COVID-19 We thank you for your patience and flexibility during this time. Field office staff conduct routine inspections at facilities permitted by the department and provide technical assistance to help people meet permit requirements. Telephone: 515-725-8430, e-mail: Rose.Sanchez@dnr.iowa.gov, Gomm, Donna The state has eight fish hatcheries where they raise these fish, including trout, channel catfish, hybrid striped bass, muskie, northern pike, saugeye, walleye and more. <> stream There are several strong year-classes of walleye in the Clear Lake population. More than 1.6 million two-inch Walleyes are expected to be stocked into lakes, rivers, and streams across the state this summer. DNR Staff Directory . The 2023 season for collecting walleye adults for spawning in hatcheries was one for the ages, said Jay Rudacille, DNR Warm and Coolwater Fish Culture Supervisor. Help . Copyright 2023 Iowa State University of Science and Technology. 672PLMI!%(>/Qd 4BXXt.jLr*W1 QDZBgI-hID*8bC2pS! 4 0 obj Note: professional foresters (i.e., private forestry consultants and Iowa DNR District Foresters) should be your first point of contact for any forestry project. Professional foresters such as Iowa DNR district foresters and private forestry consultants should be the first point of contact for forestry projects. 1602 Snedden Drive. Inclusion of entities in the application does not imply endorsement by Iowa State University . NWTF Foresters focus on forest management for a wide range of Iowa wildlife not solely wild turkeys. :0?lB,I(0xHYE$>@)d- The program costs $1.63 million a year. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources is working with state and local officials toreduce the spread of COVID-19 and has transitioned employees to work remotely.

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