London and New York: Continuum. 268-284, "Introduction: Global Art History and the Netherlands". When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. For a theorisation of global art cinema, cf. An abundance of colors, sounds, smells, and tactile experiences promise to gratify the senses within an economy that gives free rein to consumption, unrestrained by political responsibility and ethical commitment to the real actors of exotic fantasies: that is, it disregards the role of disadvantaged people, coming mainly from third-world nations, who make a meager living from appearing in the dramatized fantasies staged in tropical holiday resorts and nightclubs. Questions addressed include: Did Rembrandt really hire Van Vliet as his printmaker, like Rubens hired Vorster-man, Pontius and others? endobj
You can comment below, or link to this permanent URL from your own site. Cultural translation denotes the transformative dynamic that is forged by the interaction of different cultures. A Subaltern Studies Reader: 19861995. The Presence, Influence and Collection of Seventeenth-Century Netherlandish Art in Hungary, Bibliography to Sehnsucht Persien/The Fascination of Persia. Find out the translation of exoticism to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Negra, Diane (2002). For instance, if I were translating the classic VW advertising text from the early 1990s, I might leave the German term for the joy of driving in German: Fahrvergngen. Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? 265275. In most cases too, we find a country having several social/cultural diversities. Encounters with Cultural Difference: Cosmopolitanism and Exoticism in Tanna (Martin Butler and Bentley Dean, 2015) and Embrace of the Serpent (Ciro Guerra, 2015). For very technical texts, where accuracy of content is king, it might be closer to -2 or -1. 1229. xZr}WSj*n@o8N$Xm^R>#V.=Z*^f14O ~8:m.ng#/t75
r#fh!3R6b41B{)cP;[%f-u s.Qy']y30&>J;e3ocQ5w5#Nka\TYZ?}uZH6 wg]ls^Zmm Meaning of exoticism. Typographic Calque This occurs when typographical conventions that exist only in the source language are transferred to the new language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. For marketing texts, closer to +2. 6}letBlT%kF6p. <>
2023 . 27 Apr. The visual pleasure afforded by exotic spectacle is arguably the chief vehicle that allows world cinema to travel and be understood, or misunderstood, as the case may be, by cultural outsiders who are potentially disadvantaged by a hermeneutic deficit of culturally specific knowledge when trying to understand films from elsewhere. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, Today, the nearly 5,300-square-foot home exudes elegance and, Across the centuries, orchids have captivated us with their elaborate, Whether it's the mysteries of the blue agave source plant, the, Presumably it would be because, after 40-some-odd films in the franchise, producers felt they needed to do a little something extra to up the, Such a reductive representation of cultural difference is termed colonial, Addressing the politics of gender in studies on, They are, rather, narrative agents whose actions move the stories forward and develop the authenticity and, Although the poet insists that eros is the force of perpetual revolution, he consistently finds in it an, However, she changes her positionality as she proceeds with her description and adopts an uncertain viewing position which avoids fixating difference as a stereotypical characteristic of colonial. Fantasy, mans capacity to give to airy nothing a local habitation and a name, has long intrigued poets, playwrights, and painters, ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY. It is not suitable for many language pairs . Discovering Form, Inferring Meaning: New Cinemas and the Film Festival Circuit. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Structural or Syntactic Calque This is the product of an erroneous connection between the elements of a phrase or a sentence: it introduces a new construction into the language. Berghahn, Daniela (2017). Whereas the agency implied in the act of seeing is a form of power, being looked at is disempowering (a point also made by Laura Mulvey (1975) in her seminal essay on visual pleasure and the gendered scopic regimes of classical Hollywood cinema). That is why, in the words of Fatimah Tobing Rony (1996: 6), the exotic is always already known [] explorers, anthropologists and tourists voyage to foreign places in search of the novel, the undiscovered. cism ig-z-t-si-zm variants or less commonly exotism eg-z-ti-zm ek-s- : the quality or state of being exotic Example Sentences Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! World Cinema and the Ethics of Realism. Birus, Hendrik (2004). In: Goethezeitportal [http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf]. 4655. Zeischtrift fr Interdisziplinre Hungarologie. Hou Hsiao-hsiens first foray into the wuxia genre, The Assassin, deftly illustrates this. anything exotic, as a foreign word or idiom. Rubensbulletin V (2014), pp. Dennison and Lim, 2006: 2; Nagib, Perriam and Dudrah, 2012: xix). A Recently Discovered Painting by Willlem de Poorter, From Painting Performances to Performing Paintings. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. That is why exoticism has also been conceptualised as a form of cultural translation, namely the process by which one culture tries to make sense of another and not just their foreign language, but also their traditions, rituals and their entire way of life. Exoticism in translation refers to using words or phrases which sound "exotic" in the translated language, because they are of foreign origin. During the nineteenth century exotic gained the connotation of a stimulating or exciting difference, something with which the domestic could be (safely) spiced. Nagib, Lcia (2020). Goethes Idee der Weltliteratur. Exoticism, as a cultural phenomenon, has mainly been examined via related critical concepts. La Isla de Borneo evoca un poderoso exotismo. Painting Blindness and Obscuring Vision: Rembrandt and the Senses. It is ravishing to watch like being caressed by layers of precious silks, writes Wendy Ide (2015) in The Times, it is virtually impossible to unpick fully what is going on. This sense of enigma and mystery is due to family and political intrigues that are the mainstay of the narrative coupled with the fact that there are two actresses playing double roles (Clarke, 2016). I think it depends on the context and situation. Rony, Fatimah Tobing (1996). Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art 66 (2016), Rembrandt and the Emergence of the Leiden Art Market, Tracing a Pose: Govert Flinck and the Emergence of the Van Dyckian Mode of Portraiture in Amsterdam, SWAN Review CAA Netherlandish Art in Its Global Context and Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India 20191218, Netherlandish Art and the World: A Conference on Global Art History, Utrecht, 25-27 October 2018, Allegory as Historical Method, or the Similarities between Amsterdam and Albania Reading Simon Gikandi's Slavery and the Culture of Taste, Rembrandt's Religious Paintings from 1630s, The Speelman Fellowship and Netherlandish Art in Cambridge, 'Defenders of the Image. I am, of course, not suggesting that all world cinema filmmakers perform exoticism. The term exoticism describes a cultural phenomenon that projects Western fantasies about profound cultural differences. order to break the drawn-out silence, the Niouki summarized the stages that, according to her, post-exoticism had passed through since Minor Angels, Maria Clementi's first romnce, written in 1977. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. He was following in the footsteps of the painter Paul Gauguin, whose colourful paintings of semi-nude Polynesian women against the backdrop of lush tropical scenery have shaped the Western imagination of the Polynesian islands. Translation Studies 4 (1), pp. London and New York: Routledge. London and New York: Routledge. Durham and London: Duke University Press. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. <>
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The fact that nineteenth-century photographs of indigenous people wearing the clothes of their colonial masters now strike us as more exotic than early photographs of nonwesternized, indigenous communities reminds us that exotic fantasies entail a contrast of, and hierarchy between, two different cultures, controlled by the Western point of view. Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge. What particular qualities do films as diverse as Raise the Red Lantern, LOdeur de la papaye verte (The Scent of Green Papaya, Trn Anh Hng, France/Vietnam, 1993), Como agua para chocolate (Like Water for Chocolate, Alfonso Arau, Mexico, 1992), Fa yeung nin wa (In the Mood for Love, Wong Kar-wai, Hong Kong/China, 2000), Three Seasons (Tony Bui, Vietnam/USA, 2000), Water (Deepa Mehta, Canada/India, 2007), The Assassin, Tanna (Martin Butler and Bentley Dean, Australia/Vanuatu, 2015) and El abrazo de la serpiente (Embrace of the Serpent, Ciro Guerra, Columbia/Venezuela/Argentina, 2015) possess to elicit the exotic gaze in the spectator? This essay is based on the notion that the early modern world was shaped by connections that stretched across geographical, political and cultural boundaries. For example, the documentary realist aesthetics of the Iranian New Wave films, which Nichols uses as a case study in his essay, is far too austere to qualify as exotic. The same holds true for world cinema, which must travel from its site of origin and be watched by audiences originating from different nations, regions or cultures. When the concepts and structure of the source text can be easily translated into the target language, direct translation techniques are usually used. The attempt by the age of Enlightenment to study and describe the vast number of different peoples of this earth was thus soon reduced to a mere interest in costume and other extrinsic markers of otherness, which were eagerly displayed in the European homelands. Marks, Laura U. Not much Arctic exoticism. Segalens slim volume Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity was posthumously published and is an unfinished fragment that reflects his impressions of Tahiti and China whereto he travelled between 1902 and 1919. Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism. When I was studying at university in Germany (Germersheim), my professors often emphasized this point. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. 6276. Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture, and Race. Guha, Ranajit, ed. What does exoticism mean? This is certainly not the case. For the twenty-first century, the experience of the exotic frequently thrives on an imitation of a ritual presumed to be authentic, involving an act of mimicry whose comic potential is easily glazed over. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! Segalen, Victor (2002). Of special importance is Edward Saids description of Orientalism as a discursive construction of European fantasies. Clarke, Roger (2016). In cinema, Robert Flahertys ethnographic documentary Moana (USA, 1926) and Friedrich W. Murnaus feature film Tabu: A Story of the South Seas (USA, 1931) have established the South Sea film genre that continues to determine the exotic iconography of contemporary films set in this region. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Dennison, Stephanie and Song Hwee, Lim (2006). Against this background, contemporary world cinema and the global film festival circuit, its prime site of exhibition, can be understood as a new type of contact zone, which Mary Louise Pratt has famously theorised in the colonial context as the intercultural space of symbolic exchange and transculturation, catering for cosmopolitan cinephiles and their interest in cultural difference. The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins. Exoticism in translation refers to using words or phrases which sound exotic in the translated language, because they are of foreign origin. 48 0 obj
Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. It results in creative reconfigurations that occur when the state of boundedness is disturbed by the forces of mobility (Papastergiadis, 2011: 2). Was Van Vliet involved in some of Rembrandt's own etchings? Although her martial arts skills are unsurpassed, on several occasions, her heart blocks her from completing her deadly assignments. Retrieved April 27, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism. Durham: Duke University Press. 283 0 obj
Framegrab. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins. Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? Framegrab. Films like Tanna, Embrace of the Serpent, Three Seasons, The Scent of Green Papaya and numerous other exotic films referenced in this essay are easily accessible in terms of their narrative and historical background to transnational audiences. Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts. This entry was posted on April 15, 2010 at 2:56 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. Exoticism in the Enlightenment. This article evaluates whether Lawrence Venuti's translation approach of "foreignisation" is likely to achieve his stated go al: translations that can resist cultural dominance. Good stuff. ), The Ashgate Research Companion to Dutch Art of the Seventeenth Century, London 2016, pp. Much of contemporary world cinema is, in addition, also transnational in terms of its modes of global cultural production and funding. (ztszm) noun. The Fascination of Persia. Experience the exoticism of the Medina of Marrakech. 1 [1. 297 0 obj
In: Rosalind, Galt and Karl, Schoonover, eds., Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories. These differences impede, in one way or the. You can subscribe via RSS 2.0 feed to this post's comments. Accessed 1 May. According to David Damrosch (2003: 175), works become world literature by being received into the space of a foreign culture, a space defined in many ways by the host cultures national tradition and the present needs of its own writers. Rather than conceiving of world literature as a canon of foreign literary masterpieces, Damrosch describes it as a mode of transnational circulation and reception that gains in translation. Terms and Conditions |Privacy Statement | Cookie Settings |Accessibility | Legal Notice. Since exoticism invariably spectacularises cultural difference, it is regularly censured for concealing the uneven power hierarchies that undergird colonialism and its ideological and aesthetic legacies by offering visual pleasure, the implication being that visual pleasure is something like an opiate that anaesthetises the spectators critical capacities, thereby precluding intellectual interrogation and critical distance. It adopts a cultural perspective that is firmly entrenched in the conventions and belief systems of Western civilization and therefore constructs the East as the archetypical location of otherness. Mark Lee Pin Bins cinematography has been praised for its matchless compositional artistry (Bradshaw, 2016) and Wen-Ying Huangs production design for the visual extravagance of Oriental fantasies illuminated by brightly colored silk robes [] and sensual atmosphere (Young, 2015) (Figure 3). 20 May. Stephanie S. Dickey, Amsterdam 2017, pp. I should like to thank Montage av: Zeitschrift fr Theorie und Geschichte audiovisueller Medien for granting me permission to publish my article Exotismus im World Cinema und die transnationale Rezeption, originally published in German in issue 28 (1) (2019), pp. An accurate translation Notes on Painterly Narrative in the Early Work of Rembrandt, The Odalisque. The Hollywood Reporter, Performing Exoticism, Autoethnography and Cultural Translation, http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/the-assassin-review-captivatingly-hypnotic-if-impenetrable-wuxia-tale, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/raise-the-red-lantern-1992, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267, https://doi.org/10.1163/26659891-01020001. It constantly signals the exotic source culture and its cultural strangeness. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. By contrast, Western audiences and critics were enthralled by this exotic spectacle which Zhang masterfully manufactured for the pleasure and gaze of the Western viewer (Lu, 1997: 126). Island Dreaming: The Contemplation of Polynesian Paradise. 120. Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. Galt and Schoonover, 2010: 327. <>
Literal translation is your straightforward word-for-word translation. noun. In fact, the dogmatic insistence on cultural fidelity is incompatible with the multiple processes of cultural translation that shape world cinema. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth, Griffiths and Helen, Tiffin (2000). <>
1972. In these films, the preparation and consumption of food functions as a signifier of alterity. In other words, the transnational dimension inherent in the concept of world cinema is constituted in the process of reception, as a film moves outside its own national sphere into another one. It is precisely these perceived Oriental qualities [] that separate Chinese and Western audience preferences for Zhangs films and Gong Lis images (Reynaud cited in Lu, 1997: 126). 618. As exotic goods and materials become part of the domestic environment, global goods gain local meanings, and simultaneously bestow new layers of meaning on the material culture of the early modern Netherlands. This period also engendered a taste for the rich costumes of the Orient, the main geographic location of Enlightenment fantasies about the exotic. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. <>
Entirely apart from the plot, there is the sensuous pleasure of the architecture, the fabrics, the color contrasts, the faces of the actresses.. Ebert, Roger (1992). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Changes in the Meaning and Reception of an Orientalising Fine Arts Theme in Europe and Hungary, Master Class: Northern European Art (1500-1700) from the Permanent Collection, 2018, CORPUS RUBENIANUM VERSUS REMBRANDT RESEARCH PROJECT. The film was shot in the classic three-strip Technicolor process to achieve a richness of reds and yellows no longer visible in Hollywood cinema which abandoned the three-strip Technicolor camera in 1954. B. Tauris. Translating (human) gender German, Spanish, Hebrew, Arabic and Russian are just a handful of the many languages which have rich grammatical gender. As I have demonstrated elsewhere (Berghahn, 2017), contemporary world cinema offers numerous examples of how exoticism is harnessed to new ethico-political agendas and a diverse range of humanitarian and ecological issues that have nothing in common with exoticisms tainted colonial legacy. This is, however, not to say that all exotic films substitute glossy surfaces for deep meaning, thereby effectively compensating for the hermeneutic deficit that may arise when world cinema travels. A Closer Look at the Corpus Rubenianum and the Rembrandt Research Project.' If you were to imagine a range of translation options from -2 to 0 to +2, -2 might be a translation that is as close or loyal as possible to the German source text. I knew there was some discretion in translating and it was more of an art than a science, but I didnt realize how much discretion is involved. For some words, like "table", gender is fixed. Film Quarterly,47 (3), pp. Jameson, Fredric (1986). Iconography and Identity in Frederick Rihel's Equestrian Portrait, Kuretsky "Worldly Creation in Rembrandt Three Trees" Artibus et Historiae 1994.pdf, Govert Flinck and the Houses of Orange and Brandenburg: network and influence, India Ink: Imagery of the Subcontinent in Early Modern Europe, Shalom Sabar, Between Calvinists and Jews: Hebrew Script in Rembrandts Art, in Mitchell B. Merback, ed., Beyond the Yellow Badge: Anti-Judaism and Antisemitism in Medieval and Early European Modern Visual Culture (Leiden: Brill, 2008), 371-404, 559-573, Thoughts on the Market for Rembrandt's Portrait Etchings by Stephanie S. Dickey, Review of The New Hollstein: Rembrandt (7 vols.) 2023. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. 158183. London: I. Palm trees and giant ferns, dense lush forests with waterfalls convey a sense of natural abundance and pristine nature. Kabbani, Rana. Saids study of Europes most enduring exotic fantasies about the Middle East set the beginning for other postcolonial interrogations of romanticized projections of the cultural other by which the West continues to assert its superiority. For instance, if I were translating the classic VW advertising text from the early 1990s, I might leave the German term for "the joy of driving" in German: "Fahrvergngen". BIBLIOGRAPHY This article aims to make a contribution to this urgent critical endeavour, not by mapping the various critical debates that surround the concept of world cinema, but, instead, by exploring the role exoticism plays in the transnational reception of world cinema. The Chinese Exotic: Modern Diasporic Femininity. Pratt (1992: 4) defines contact zones as social spaces where disparate cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in highly asymmetrical relations of domination and subordinationlike colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out across the globe today. She describes the intercultural encounters occurring in the contact zone as interactive, as the constitution of subjects in and by their relations to each other (Pratt, 1992: 7). a person, an institution, an animal, a plant etc.) Tannese children and the star-crossed lovers frolicking amid ferns and fronds and a native heralding a call to all villagers on conch shell are further references to what can be regarded as the cinematic Urtext of the South Sea genre (cf. Exotismus in den Niederlanden der Fruhen Neuzeit, Exotica on the Move: Birds of Paradise in Early Modern Holland, Domesticating Goods from Overseas: Global Material Culture in the Early Modern Netherlands, Rembrandt and his Time - through Hungarian Eyes. Taxonomy of a Translation Thank you! Bill Nicholss (1994: 16, 18) evocative description of film festivals as a new type of contact zone where cosmopolitan cinephiles can enjoy an abiding pleasure in the recognition of [cultural] differences reaffirms Chows argument that the encounter with the non-West is inevitably imagined in ethnographic terms. Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. Thus, exotic world cinema speaks to contemporary Western societies anhedonia and desire to escape the perceived blandness of Western culture by inviting spectators to sense how other people sensuously inhabit their world (Marks, 2000: 241). Finally, a more general consideration concerns the author's choice not to talk expressly about the question of, The final chapters are devoted to a critical examination of, This is especially regrettable, as it is of great interest with regard to musical, This article considers the 'pastoral mode' as a particular subspecies of musical. Such easily affordable, popular publications, in their turn, further reduced cultural otherness to a matter of costume, which, among other things, suggested that supposedly primitive natives of, for example, Australia could be forced to abjure their traditional identity merely by donning the clothes of a European gentleman. In: Charles, Forsdick and David, Murphy, eds., Francophone Postcolonial Studies: A Critical Introduction. It experienced its first boom during the age of Enlightenment, when the establishment of trade routes began to supply Europe with such vast quantities of exotic goods that the purchase of luxury goods, including china, silk, perfumes, and precious stones, became affordable by the increasingly wealthy middle classes. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Keywords: modulation, naturalness, equivalence Introduction It has been understood by translators that translating a text is not just a matter of finding the correct words in the TL, and using the correct TL grammar.
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